Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

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Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

• Rebecca Boduch
• Biomedical Engineering
• University of Rhode Island

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Heart Disease

• Ventricular Tachycardia
• The heart had a rapid , regular heart rhythm
• The rhythm originates in the lower chambers of
  the heart
• Ventricular Fibrillation
• The heart rhythm is irregular, abnormal, and
  chaotic

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Information about Heart Conditions

• Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occur
  most often in patients that have damaged heart
  muscle or coronary artery disease
• When ventricular tachycardia has occurred the
  heart is pumping fast and in one continuous loop,
  thus causing the heart chambers little time to
  fill resulting in dangerously decreased amounts
  of blood being pumped to the body
• Ventricular fibrillation the heart is pumping
  chaotically and the chambers dont contract
  properly, causing results in dangerously
  decreased blood flow

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Normal Heart Rhythm
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Ventricular Tachycardia Heart Rhythm
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Ventricular Fibrillation Heart Rhythm
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Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) has
  been proven to be an effective way of treating
  these heart conditions
• An ICD is implanted under the skin near the
  collarbone through open chest surgery
• There are leads that go from the implanted
  generator down onto the surface of or in the
  heart
• There can be different amounts on leads
• These leads are responsible for detecting and
  monitoring the heart rhythm

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Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

• If an abnormal heart rhythm is detected, the ICD
  administers a shock to the heart, in order to
  reset the heart rhythm
• ICDs have been proven to be an effective way in
  prevention of death, brain damage, and other
  complications associated with these heart
  conditions

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Medication vs. Surgery

• Sudden Death from cardiac causes is the leading
  cause of death among people with congestive heart
  failure (CHF)
• A study was conducted to determine if the drug
  amiodarone or an ICD improves the prognosis for
  people living with heart conditions
• The study has 2521 patients who have either case
  1 or case 2 CHF and also a left ventricle
  ejection fraction of less than 35

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Medication vs. Surgery

• The 2521 patients were divided into three groups
• 847 patients were treated with the conventional
  treatment plus placebos
• 845 patients were treated with the conventional
  treatment plus amiodarone
• 829 patients were treated with the conventional
  treatment plus a single lead ICD
• The study was conducted over a 5 year period and
  patients were followed up every 3 months

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Conclusion

• The results of the study proved that an ICD was
  more effective.
• Having an ICD reduced the risk of death by 23
• The study also showed that amiodarone had no
  added effect on the patient prognosis
• The study helped to prove in favor of ICD therapy
  

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Hazard Ratio
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References

• "Amiodarone or an Implantable CardioverterDefibri
  llator for Congestive Heart Failure." The New
  England Journal of Medicine 352.3 (2005) 225-37.
  Print.
• "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator."
  American Heart Association. American Heart
  Association. Web. 5 Feb. 2010. lthttp//www.america
  nheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier11227gt.
• "Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular
  Fibrillation." New York- Presbyterian. Web. 5
  Feb. 2010. lthttp//nyp.org/health/ventricular-tac
  hycardia-fibrillation.htmlgt.