DEFINITION

1
DEFINITION

• HYPOXIA A condition in which the oxygen
  available is inadequate at the tissue level
• Five types of hypoxia
• Anemic
• Hypoxemic
• Histotoxic
• Circulatory
• Hypermetabolic

2
Anemic Hypoxia

• Having a decreased carrying capacity for oxygen,
  the pt with decreased or abnormal Hb
• Anemia
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Methemoglobinemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Treatment involves blood transfusions, hyperbaric
  chamber, bone marrow transplant

3
Hypoxemic Hypoxia

• Low PAO2 due to the atmosphere
• Hypoventilation PCO2 is rising
• Diffusion Defects
• The PaO2 will be lower in all cases, but the PCO2
  may or may not be increased.
• Treatment Compensatory actions to reduce
  inequalities, supplemental oxygen

4
Histotoxic Hypoxia

• Inability for tissues to utilize oxygen available
• Cyanide Poisoning will inhibit cellular
  metabolism from occuring the cells can not
  process the O2
• Treatment Reversal of poisoning, supplemental
  oxygen and/or ventilation

5
Circulatory Hypoxia

• A decrease in cardiac output results in a low BP
  and a prolonged systemic transit time
• The PaO2 can be high, but because of the time it
  takes to get to the tissues, the pt is hypoxic
• Cardiovascular instability or failure
• Shock
• Arrhythmias
• Treatment include increasing cardiac output with
  use of cardiovascular drugs and therapy,
  supplemental oxygen

6
Hypermetabolic Hypoxia

• In some disease states the body requires a slight
  increase in metabolism (i.e. wound healing
  requires 5 increase)
• Extensive burns and some cancers will cause large
  increases metabolism to the point that
  supplemental O2 is required
• Treatment Supplemental O2 or FiO2