The Impact of Industrialization

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The Impact of Industrialization
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Nature of Industrial Work

• From Cottages to Factories
• Cost of Textile Machinery
• Steam Engines
• Industrial Espionage
• Maximizing Output
• Quality Control

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Types of Factory Workers I

• Women
• Children
• Incentives for Employing Children
• Dexterity with Hands
• No Pre-Industrial Work Habits
• Physical Size
• Lower Wages
• Demography

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Children in the Mills
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Children in Mines
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Children as Carriers
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Types of Factory Workers II

• Men
• Wages
• Well Paid Compared to Other Alternatives

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Urbanization

• Soaring Population Growth
• Population Living in Cities over 5000
• 1700 3 cities with 20,000
• 1800 5 cities with 50,000

Victorian London
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Shift of Population Northward

• 1700 Population Triangle Bristol, London
  Norwich
• 1800 Population Triangle Bristol, Hull
  (Yorkshire) Preston
• (Lancashire)
• Explosive Growth of Factory/Port Towns
• Bradford, Manchester Birmingham

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Impact on the Environment

• Urbanization Unplanned
• Laissez Faire Philosophy
• Entrepreneurs Created Towns
• Deficient Workers Housing
• Appalling Facilities
• Maximized Numbers
• Social Consequences of Unrestricted Growth

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Cramped Workers Housing
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Back-to-Back Housing in Saithes, Yorkshire
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Environment Bad Air Pollution

• Numerous Sources of Pollution
• 200 New Carcinogenic Chemicals
• Noise Pollution

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Dores London
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Environment Deteriorating Health

• Contagious Diseases
• Poisoning of Workers
• Impact Rising Mortality Levels, Especially
  Infant Mortality
• Food Adulteration

Victorian London
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Early Victim of Cholera
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London Slums
Devils Acre, Nr. Westminster
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London Slums
Whitechapel, London
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Environment Social Segregation

• Housing Segregated by Class
• Middle Class Withdrew into Suburbs
• Better Amenities and Fewer Noxious Smells

Victorian Hampstead
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Spatial Segregation Railroad Travel
First-Class
Masses Exposed to Open Air
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Middle-Class Victorian Life
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Victorian Family
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Distribution of Wealth

• Social Dislocation
• Rising Amounts of Poor Relief
• Two-Fold Impact on Wealth Structure
• Small Percentage Wealthier
• Rising Numbers of Poor

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Standard of Living Debate

• Long-Term Benefits Clear
• Short-term Benefits for Industrial Workers
  Unclear
• Obstacles to Appraisal
• Impact on Standard of Living
• Quality of Life

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Towards an Industrial Society, 1830

• Industrialization Had Not Revolutionized Society
• Urbanization
• Persistence of Farm Work
• Concentration of Industry
• Factory Work Atypical
• New Class Created
• Conclusion Transitional Stage