Fungus

1
Fungus

• Unit 6
• Chapter 20

2
Fungus characteristics

• Found everywhere
• Variety of colors and appearances
• Grows best in moist, warm environments
• Chitin cell walls

3
Fungus characteristics

• Mostly multicellular, some unicellular (yeast)
• Hyphae long strands that make up the fungus body
• Mycelium cluster of hyphae

4
The structure of fungi
Germinating Spore
Mycelium
Spore
Food Source
5
Hyphae up-close
Cells divided to separate nucleus
Cells fused together with nucleus all together
6
Hyphae functions

• Produce spores
• Anchor the fungus
• Reproduction
• Absorb a food source secretes enzymes that break
  down food so nutrients are easily absorbed

7
How fungus absorbs food
Chemicals released by hyphae digest dead
materials.
Hyphae absorb the digested food.
8
Fungus structure video
Click on image to play video.
9
Harmful fungus

• Spoils food (molds)
• Causes diseases and illnesses (athletes foot,
  ringworm)
• Destroys crops

10
Helpful fungus

• Decomposes waste matter and returns nutrients
  back to the soil

11
Fungal relationships

• Saprophtye breaks down decaying matter for
  nutrient absorption
• Parasitic relationship where the host is harmed
  but the fungus benefits
• Mutualistic relationship with another organism,
  where both benefits (ex lichen)

12
Parasitic fungus extends hyphae into host cells
to active absorb nutrients
13
How fungi reproduce

• Fragmentation parts break off and grow
• Budding fungi growing from mature body and then
  breaks off
• Spores structures that are produced, released,
  and germinated into mature forms

Yeast budding
14
Spores germinating
15
Major groups of fungi

• Zygomycota
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
• Deuteromycota
• Mycorrhizae
• Lichen

16
Zygomycota common bread mold
17
Ascomycota morels and truffels
18
Ascomycota yeasts

• Undergo alcohol fermentation so are often used to
  produce alcoholic drinks
• Also used in baking to make bread rise
• Commonly used in bioengineering to produce
  vaccines

19
Basidiomycota mushrooms
Cap
Gill
Spores
Hyphae
20
Deuteromycota

• Fungus that only reproduces asexually
• Used to produce blue cheeses, soy sauce, and
  penicillin

21
Mycorrhizae mutualism

• Fungus that grows from the tips of plant roots
• Fungus absorbs water and minerals for plants.
• Plant produces sugars for fungus.

22
Lady slipper orchid cannot survive within
mycorrhizae relationships.
23
Lichen

• Mutualistic relationship between fungus and algae
• Fungus provides hospitable environment for the
  algae.
• Algae produces sugars for the fungus.