Earth and Moon

1
Earth and Moon

• Our home and our nearest neighbor

2
Earth-Moon System

• Distance from the earth to the moon
• 384,000 km
• Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km)

3
Tides
Synchronous rotation
4
The Earths Interior
5
How do we know what the Earth looks like inside?

• Seismology

6
Differentiation and Heat

• A differentiated planet is not the same all the
  way through. A homogeneous planet is the same.
• Heating a planet allows movement.
• Heavier materials sink to the inside and lighter
  materials rise.

Sources of Heat
7
The Earths Surface

• 70 water, 30 rock
• Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust

8
Rocks

• Rocks are made of minerals
• Types of rocks
• Igneous rocks are those that have formed from a
  molten state (volcano made)
• Sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of
  other rocks that are cemented together (water
  made)
• Metamorphic rocks are produced from either
  igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been
  buried and modified by high temperatures and
  pressures

9
Why does the earth look like this?

• Processes that alter the surface of the earth
• Endogenic
• Forces that act from inside the earth
• Volcanic
• Erosional
• Tectonic
• These forces can make rocks
• Exogenic
• Forces that act from outside the earth
• Cratering

10
Tectonics

• Any movement of the earth
• Folding
• Fracturing
• Earthquakes
• Plate tectonics

11
Plate Tectonics
12
Volcanoes

• Spreading centers

13
Volcanoes

• Converging plate margins

14
Volcanoes - Hotspots
15
Volcanoes
16
Erosion
17
Atmosphere
18
Atmosphere
19
Terrestrial greenhouse effect
20
Magnetosphere
21
Moon - Interior
22
Moon - Surface

• Lunar rocks are mostly igneous

23
Lunar surface features
24
Origin of the moon

• Current theory planetesimal hits protoplanetary
  earth

25
Lunar exploration