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Title: Presentation on WAP Keerti Sharma August 2002 Agenda What


1
Presentation on WAP
  • Keerti Sharma
  • August 2002

2
Agenda
  • What is WAP ?
  • Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
  • WAP Architecture / protocol stack
  • WAP Components / WML
  • WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
  • Conclusion
  • WAP

3
What is WAP ?
  • WAP The Wireless Application Protocol
  • Makes it possible to access the Internet via
    wireless devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc.
  • Set of rules governing transmission/reception of
    data by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)
  • set of rules

4
Limitations of Internet for
Wireless Applications
  • Traditional Internet applications cannot run on
    mobile devices because of the following
    limitations
  • Low bandwidth network
  • High Latency network
  • Limited connection stability
  • Small display size
  • Limited input facility
  • Limited memory
  • Limited processing power

5
Limitations of Internet (contd)
  • Low bandwidth
  • Size of an HTML page, including graphics 20 KB
  • Download time (56Kbps modem) 3 s
  • Bandwidth of wireless network 9.6Kbps
  • Download time for data on one page 17 s
  • High latency
  • At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the
    TCP layer resends the packet of data
  • An average latency in a wireless network is
    around ½ s but can be as high as 10s
  • This can cause a lot of retransmission causing
    severe congestion

6
Limitations of Internet (contd)
  • Limited connection stability
  • Small display size
  • Limited input facility
  • Limited memory
  • Limited processing power
  • the WAP forum

7
WAP Architecture/Protocol Stack
8
WAP Architecture (contd)
  • .

9
WAP Architecture (contd)
  • .

10
WAP Architecture (contd)
  • WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet
    content developers use.
  • WSP - determines whether a session between the
    device and the network will be connection-oriented
    or connectionless.
  • WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data
    flowing in a logical and smooth manner. It also
    determines how to classify each transaction
    request
  • Reliable two way (WTP/C)
  • Reliable one way (WTP/T)
  • Unreliable one way (WTP/D)
  • WTLS - provides many of the same security
    features found in the Transport Layer Security
    (TLS) part of TCP/IP.
  • WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer
    to a variety of bearers because all that needs to
    change is the information maintained at this
    level.

11
WAP Architecture (contd)
  • .

12
WAP Architecture (contd)
  • In a real WAP solution, the main components
    include
  • WAP Device
  • Bearer
  • WAP Gateway
  • Content
  • Content Server

13
WAP Components (contd)
  • WAP Gateway
  • Encoder converts WML to binarized WML
  • Adaptor provides additional information through
    HTTP header
  • Translate HTTP requests to WSP.
  • Convert between SSL and WTLS
  • Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

14
WAP Components (contd)
  • WML (Wireless Markup Language)
  • An XML-based markup language that describes how
    WAP content is presented on a wireless terminal
  • Differs from HTML in the following
  • WML was specifically designed for wireless
    terminals with a target screen that is only a few
    lines long and about an inch wide.
  • WML is case sensitive, and all tags and
    attributes should be in lowercase.
  • Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly
    nested tags.
  • WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is
    available for user input.
  • Based on these differences, WML provides a
    smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it
    more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless
    terminals.

15
WAP Components (contd)
  • WML Contd
  • Card metaphor
  • User interactions are split into cards
  • Navigation occurs between cards
  • Explicit inter-card navigation model
  • Hyperlinks
  • History
  • State management and variables
  • Reduce network traffic
  • Results in better caching

16
Example of WML
  • .

17
A Deck of Cards
ltWMLgt ltCARDgt ltDO TYPE"ACCEPT"
LABEL"Next"gt ltGO URL"card2"/gt
lt/DOgt Acme Inc.ltBR/gtDirectory
lt/CARDgt ltCARD NAME"card2"gt ltDO
TYPE"ACCEPT"gt ltGO
URL"?sendtype"/gt lt/DOgt
Services ltSELECT KEY"type"gt
ltOPTION VALUE"em"gtEmaillt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"ph"gtPhonelt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"fx"gtFaxlt/OPTIONgt
lt/SELECTgt lt/CARDgt lt/WMLgt
  • .

Acme Inc. Directory _____________ Next
Services 1gtEmail 2 Phone ____________ OK
18
WAP brings Internet to Hand- held Devices
  • WAP handles limited bandwidth
  • Minimizes traffic over wireless interface
  • WSP layer, too, is binary encoded
  • WTP is not only designed to minimize amount of
    data but also number of transactions
  • WAP handles high latency
  • WAE uses scripting to avoid round trip delays,
    e.g. by validating user input locally
  • WTAI environment introduces a repository to hold
    services that should be started in response to an
    event in mobile network, e.g. incoming call.

19
WAP brings (contd)
  • WAP handles less stable connections
  • The sessions supported by WSP are assumed to be
    long-lived.
  • WTP layer has been kept very simple compared to
    TCP
  • WTP supports selective retransmission of data
  • WAP handles small displays
  • WML structures its documents in Decks Cards
  • When an application is executed, user navigates
    through a series of cards

20
WAP brings (contd)
  • WAP handles limited input facilities
  • The WML elements can be easily be implemented
    without much input required from the key-board
  • Deck Cards model requires minimal navigation
    between pages
  • Soft buttons or user-definable keys are also
    supported by WML
  • WAP handles limited memory and CPU
  • Defining a light weight protocol stack
  • Limited functionality provided by WML WMLScript
  • Binary encoding of WML WMLScript

21
Conclusion
  • WAP provides a microbrowser optimized for
    wireless devices 
  • Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys
  • WAP Offers Bearer Independence 
  • Allows Applications developed once to work across
    all networks
  • Protects the Carriers investment in wireless
    data as networks evolve
  • Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to use
     common code across products
  • WAP Offers Device Independence 
  • Allows applications developed once to work across
    devices from small handsets to powerful PDAs
  • Promotes consistent user experience across all of
    a carriers handset offerings
  • Encourages a wealth of applications for handset
    manufacturers

22
Some WAP applications
  • Location-based services
  • Real-time traffic reporting
  • Event/restaurant recommendation
  • Highly customized ads
  • Instant messaging-type buddy location
  • Enterprise solutions
  • Email access
  • Database access
  • A global intranet
  • Information updates pushed to WAP devices
  • Financial services
  • Banking
  • Bill-paying
  • Stock trading
  • Funds transfers
  • Travel services
  • Schedules and rescheduling
  • Reservations 

23
Some known WAP Services
  • 123Jump (http//www.123jump.com)
  • A selection of stock data news, all via
    WAP
  • Ajaxo (http//www.ajaxo.com)
  • A WAP service for wireless stock trading
    from any WAP enabled device
  • 2PL WorldWide Hotel Guide (http//wap.2pl.com)
  • A hotel guide, accessible in multiple
    languages via WAP enabled device
  • Traffic Maps (http//www.webraska.com)
  • A French service that monitors and shows
    latest traffic news via maps

24
WAP demo
  • http//www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp

25
Next presentation will cover
  • WAP 2.0
  • Integrating JAVA with WAP
  • Push Technology in WAP
  • Using WAP with Bluetooth

26
References 1.
  • http//www.wapforum.org
  • http//www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htm
  • http//wap.sonyericsson.com/
  • http//www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.html
  • http//www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/
  • http//www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asp
  • http//www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/
    2001_04/files/2001043.pdf
  • http//www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.a
    sp?btobY
  • http//www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asp

27
References 2.
  • Professional WAP
  • WAP A Beginners Guide by Dale Bulbrook
  • Wireless Crash Course by Bedell
  • Cracking the Code WAP, Bluetooth 3G
    Programming
  • WAP Integration by Vujosevic Laberge
  • WAP 2.0 Development by Tull
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