A Talk on Ubiquitous Computing: Proposed Middleware For

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A Talk on
Ubiquitous Computing Proposed Middleware For
Immersive Network, Real Time Challenges and
Applications
Prepared By
Dhaval K. Patel ID No 08PGEC08 and EXAM
No5029 M.E.( Commu.System Engineering)
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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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What is Ubiquitous Computing ?

• Definitions
• Ubiquitous computing is the method of enhancing
  computer use by making many computers available
  throughout the physical environment, but making
  them effectively invisible to the user
• Mark Weiser
• Ubiquitous computing, or calm technology, is a
  paradigm shift where technology becomes virtually
  invisible in our lives.
• - Marcia Riley

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Three Waves of Computing

• ? Mainframe computing (60s-70s)
• massive computers to execute big data
  processing applications
• very few computers in the world
• ? Desktop computing (80s-90s)
• one computer at every desk to help in business
  related activities
• computers connected in intranets to a massive
  global network
• (internet), all wired
• ? Ubiquitous computing (00s?)
• tens/hundreds of computing devices in every
  room/person, becoming
• invisible and part of the environment

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Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing

• Calm technology embedded, invisible, seamlessly,
  unobtrusive, intelligent.

Image source Friedemann Mattern (ETH Zürich)
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Real Life Example of Ubiquitous Computing

• Today You realize a block is too heavy to lift.
  You whistle /call/ motion for your super-heavy
  helper to assist you.
• Ubiquitous Computing You go to lift the block,
  and your
• invisible computer agent detects you are not
  strong enough to do so,
• and automatically assists you without you even
  asking for it. Perhaps not
• even realizing
• A corridor or room automatically adjusts
  heating, cooling and lighting levels
• based on the occupants profile.
• Smartness may extend to individual objects
  e.g. moldable handles that
• reshape themselves, cars that automatically
  adjust steering wheel and seat
• placement regardless of the space they are in.

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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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UC Vs. VR

• Ubiquitous Computing is NOT
• Virtual reality - real world provides input,
• not computers!
• A PDA or PC Called an intimate compute, takes
  your attention to get it to do the work
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Supports a world of fully connected devices .
• Ensures information is accessible everywhere .
• Provides an intuitive, non intrusive interface,
  feels like you are doing it
• Ubiquitous computing requires extreme AI.

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Ubiquitous computing Vs. Mobile Computing

• ?Mobile computing
• Chicku owns Mobile phone with web access, voice
  and
• short messaging. Remains connected while he
  drives from
• Ahmedabad to CITC, Changa.
• ? Ubiquitous computing
• Chicku is leaving home to go and meet his
  friends. While passing the fridge, the fridge
  sends a message to his shoe that milk is almost
  finished.
• When Chicku is passing grocery store, shoe
  sends message
• to glasses which displays BUY milk message.
• Chicku buys milk, goes home.

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Context Awareness

• ? A Ubiquitous computing system that strives to
  be minimally intrusive has to be context aware
• i.e. aware of users state and surroundings
  and modify its behavior based on this information
• ? The situational conditions that are
  associated with a user location,surrounding
  conditions light, temperature, humidity, noise
  level, etc), social activities, user
  intentions,personal information, etc.

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(No Transcript)
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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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Problem Definition
Comparison of (a) existing environments with (b)
the scene abstraction
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What is Middleware ?

• Middleware is a somewhat overloaded term
• Generally speaking, middleware provides software
  services for application programs above the basic
  operating system and networking services
• Accessed via an application program interface
  (API), but more than an API

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Middleware for Immersive Network

• Typical middleware services include directory,
  trading, and brokerage services for discovery
  transactions, and different transparencies such
  as location transparency, and failure
  transparency.
• Immersive sensor networks are essential to the
  future success of ubiquitous computing. The
  immersive sensor networks that combines
  traditional sensor network technologies with the
  vision of ubiquitous computing
• In an immersive sensor network, a users
  operational context is highly dynamic. As the
  user moves through the environment, the set of
  embedded devices he interacts with should change
  accordingly.

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SCENE Abstraction
The programmer only needs to specify three
parameters to define a constraint Metric A
property of the network or environment that
defines the cost of a connection (i.e., a
property of hosts, links, or data) Path cost
function A function (such as sum, average,
minimum, maximum) that operates on a network path
to calculate the cost of the path Threshold The
value a paths cost must satisfy for that sensor
to be a member of the scene. Thus, a scene, S,
is specified by one or more constraints, C1, C2,
, Cn C1 ltM1, F1, T1gt, C2 ltM2, F2, T2gt, ,
Cn ltMn, Fn, Tngt where M denotes a metric, F
denotes a path cost function, and T denotes a
threshold.
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SCENE Abstraction (Continue..)
Scene construction can be formalized in the
following way Given a client node a, a metric M,
and a positive threshold T, find the set of all
hosts Sa such that all hosts in Sa are reachable
from a and, for all hosts ß in Sa, the cost of
applying the metric on some path from a to ß is
less than T. Specifically   Sa lt set ß M(a,
ß) lt T ß gt   In the three-part notation lt
op quantified_variables range expression gt,
the variables from quantified_variables take on
all possible values permitted by range.
Distributed scene computation
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EXAMPLE SCENE DEFINITIONS
As one example, SCENE_HOP_COUNT effectively
assigns a value of one to each network link.
Therefore, using the built-in SCENE_SUM path
cost function, the application can build a hop
count scene that sums the number of hops a
message takes and only includes nodes that are
within the number of hops as specified by the
threshold. The scene can be further restricted
using latency as a second constraint.
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Common Middleware Systems
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Establishment of UCRC
TinyOS GNU Linux Symbian Windows
CE UML QT LAMP Eclipse
NesC Perl Python Java J2ME XML C, C
PDA Mobile Phones Laptops Workstations Motes RFID
Gateways Access Points Bluetooth Kits WiFi
Kits Displays
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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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U-Sikshak
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RFID Enabled Learning _at_ U-Sikshak
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This vineyard is situated in Bristish Columbia
with special weather conditions. A wireless
sensor network will support farmers in decision
making Giving them data about temperature,
lighting levels. humidity, the movement and
presence of people, and many other aspects of the
environment . (Burell ea 2004 www.lofar.org)
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LOFAR Project for Agriculture Environment
Problem of Phytophthora is a fungal disease in
potatoes
The decision support system (DSS) which helps the
farmer to combat phytophtora in his crop, gathers
the information from the meteorological station
and the wireless sensors from the Agro Server.
Based on this information maps will be made of
the temperature distribution within the fields,
as well as other quantities. Together with the
weather forecast this information will be usedby
the DSS to develop a strategy on how the disease
can best be prevented or controlled. It will
alert the farmer of patches within his fields
which are most susceptible and can be used to
gauge the steps that need to be taken.
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The Prada stores in New York and Tokyo. The
full-block store is organized as an interior
street, called the Wave by the architect (see
above image), with a set of metal boxes floating
above for the few products displayed in this new
form of nomadic shop window.
The store has become a public event, aided by
in-store technology. This includes glass dressing
rooms that phase-change from transparent to
opaque, large video screens that replace store
mirrors to show your back and side views live,
data banks like ATM machines that check inventory
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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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• Still ! we are very far from vision of
  Ubiquitous Computing
• Let us join and try to resolve following
  issues..

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Scalability

• Scalability which plays a significant role in
  ubiquitous computing expansion
• The ability to grow and remain usable in terms of
  the handling cost or handling effort
  associated this facet may refer to installation
  efforts, to efforts needed for coping with the
  growth itself (changing configurations, i.e.,
  adding, removing, updating a component)
• UC visionary Kevin Kelly mentioned that, the
  complexity of the made approaches the complexity
  of the born. This complexity comes from rather
  simple smart devices, such as networked sensors,
  being integrated into huge distributed solutions.
  

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Connectivity

• Ubiquitous computing does not build on a single
  deviceits power emerges from the cooperation of
  many devices, either carried by users or embedded
  into our everyday environments.
• Communication is a very fundamental requirement
  in UC. The layer model described in the previous
  section points out that connectivity is far more
  than just interconnecting computers. Connectivity
  is a major scalability issue in UC
• As computers become ubiquitous and special
  purpose, UC developers and applications want to
  draw on the special abilities and knowledge of
  the devices. This requires open and extensible
  platforms. UC also needs to integrate very
  resource-poor nodes, which contradicts the
  resource requirements of todays platforms.

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Localization Issues

• Localization is the problem of determining the
  position, of a mobile system, in the environment.
  The widespread availability of small and
  inexpensive mobile computing devices and the
  desire to connect them at any time in any place
  has driven the need to develop an accurate means
  of self-localization.
• The self-localization problem further requires
  that the system should be able to determine its
  position without being directly told its position
  by an outside source. The most basic part of the
  problem is the answer to the question where am
  I?
• Devices that typically operate outdoors use GPS
  for localization. However, most mobile computing
  devices operate not only outdoors but indoors
  where GPS is typically unavailable . Therefore,
  other localization techniques must be used.

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Liability

• As discussed with the issue more sensitivity,
  less protection, IT security issues must be
  revisited under UC requirements and constraints.
  Moreover, the use of UC technology in everyday
  life makes UC-based physical and digital
  components an integral part of our societyand
  consequently of our economy.
• A majority of UC components or services will not
  be available for free. Even if they are free of
  charge to the end-user, someone will have to pay
  for their development and execution. This means
  that UC services will have to respond to a number
  of market rules,
• Its very difficult to resolved this issue..

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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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Now for U- India.????
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Strategic Challenges for u-India

• Ubiquitous Computing Research Initiatives
• Enabling technologies such as wireless sensor
  networks, RFID, ad-hoc networks, middleware,
  context-aware computing and human-computer
  interaction
• Deeper insights into issues of ubiquitous
  information society
• Needs of elders, trust privacy, natural
  calamity forecast and management system
• Building-up cooperation with countries
  implementing u-Information Society

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UbiComp Applications U-Sikshak Learning
application utilizing GrUb Computing Intelligent
Room Health Application Intelligent Intrusion
Detection System (In2DS) Smart Parking
(SPark) UbiComp in Agriculture (U-Agri)

• UbiComp System Components
• U-Visvaas Security Framework for UbiComp
• UbiComp Semantic Space
• Context Aware Toolkit
• Adaptive Framework for WSN Applications
• Zigbee Stack

• UbiComp Hardware Development
• Sensor Node Hardware
• UWB and 802.15.4 MAC IP Core
• SoC (ARM, 802.15.4/UWB)

C-DACs contributions to DITs UbiComp Initiative
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Intelligent Medicare

• Objectives
• Target Primary Health Center in villages
• Technology for medical cost reduction
• Help Doctor/Nurse
• Health Care Monitoring
• Health History Database
• Application Scenario
• RFID for identification
• Registration/ Database creation

• Disabled friendly
• Consultation with specialist doctor - wireless
• Intelligent Medical jacket Non-invasive sensors
  for glucose, pressure, body fat, temperature
• Database retrieval from remote location
• Reminders for medicines/ health checkup
• Observatory room, lab, bloodbank
• RFID for medicines, blood group
• Ambulance

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(No Transcript)
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Talk Organization

• Ubiquitous Computing
• UC with Other Terminology
• Middleware for Immersive Networks
• Ubiquitous Society A Case Study
• Real time Challenges
• Future Scope with Development of UC in India
• Conclusion

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Conclusion

• UC is the key technology that will deeply
  influence our society for three reasons
• UC describes the next era of computing. Since we
  live in the information (i.e., computer) society,
  the influence will be at least as pervasive as
  that of computer today.
• 2. UC has potential impact on every facet of our
  lives. Computing is no longer what we do when we
  sit at the computer nor what is
  encapsulated/hidden deep inside VCRs, and so
  forth.
• 3. UC is inevitable and impossible at the same
  time the components are already developed and
  massively deployed. Since UC use cases are
  becoming increasingly profitable, for example,
  the replacement of barcodes with RFIDs, the
  industry will push the use of UC technology.

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References

• 1 M. Weiser. Hot topics - ubiquitous computing.
  Computer, 26(10)7172, October 1993.
• 2 T. E. Starner. Wearable computers no longer
  science fiction. IEEE Pervasive
  Computing,1(1)8688, Jan.-March 2002.
• 3 M. Weiser, The Computer for the Twenty-First
  Century,Scientific American, Sept. 1991, pp.
  94-10.
• 4 S. Vinoski, Service Discovery 101, IEEE
  Internet Computing, Jan./Feb. 2003, pp. 69-71.
• 5 Ashbrook, D., Starner, T. Using GPS to learn
  significant locations and predict movement across
  multiple users. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
  7 (2003) 275286

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References

• 6 Riva, G., Vatalaro, F., Davide, F.,
  Alcañiz, M. (2005) Ambient intelligence.
  Amsterdam IOS Press.
• 7 Sharp, H., Rogers, Y., Preece, J. (2002).
  Interaction design Beyond human-computer
  interaction. J. Wiley Sons.
• 8 Stajano, F. (2002). Security for ubiquitous
  computing.Cambridge John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
• 9 Weber, W., Rabaey, J. M., Aarts, E.
  (Eds.).(2005). Ambient intelligence, Berlin,
  Germany Springer.

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Thank you for your time and interest!
Email dhavalpatel.ec_at_ecchanga.ac.in