Managing Travel Demand Presentation

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FHWA International Scanning Studies on Managing
Travel Demand and Active Traffic Management
Federal Scans and Transferability to Washington
State California MICM Workshop Los Angeles, Dec.
5, 2007 Eric N.Schreffler (ESTC) and Craig Stone
(WSDOT)
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Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic
Management to Mitigate Congestion

• OVERVIEW
• Federal Congestion Management Process
• Managing Travel Demand Scan
• Active Traffic Management Scan
• Washington State ATM Feasibility Study

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FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• Statewide Transportation Planning Metropolitan
  Transportation Planning Final Rule
• USDOT, FHWA 23 CFR Parts 450 and 500 (2/14/07)
• Links Congestion Management System to planning
  process
• Emphasizes operational and management strategies
• Common performance measures and goals for CMP,
  LRTP and MO
• CMP must be a cooperatively developed and
  implemented metro-wide strategy through the use
  of travel demand management strategies
• CMP should result in multi-modal system
  performance measures and strategies that can be
  reflected in the region-wide plan and TIP

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FEDERAL CONGESTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• Statewide Transportation Planning Metropolitan
  Transportation Planning Final Rule
• Demand management measures might include
• Growth Management
• Congestion Management
• Public Transportation Improvements
• ITS Technologies

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Managing Travel Demand and Active Traffic
Management to Mitigate Congestion

• PRESENTATION PURPOSE
• Present broader view of managing travel demand
  and traffic
• Introduce European examples
• Provide wide array of techniques
• Underscore need for integration
• Show how one state is exploring options

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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND

• International Scanning Studies
• 2005 Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM)
• 2006 Active Traffic Management (ATM)
• FHWA International, AASHTO, NCHRP
• MTD Scan included MTC, FHWA, Florida, Utah,
  Minnesota and New Jersey
• Visited Rome, Stockholm, Lund,
  Cologne,Rotterdam, Delft and London
• FHWA sponsoring workshop series

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ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

• International Scanning Studies
• 2005 Managing Travel Demand (MTD/TDM)
• 2006 Active Traffic Management (ATM)
• ATM Scan included FHWA, PSRC, Texas,
  Washington, Minnesota and Virginia
• Visited Athens, Copenhagen, Germany,
  Rotterdam, Utrecht, Birmingham and London

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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE
CONGESTION MTD Scan
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DEFINITION What is Managing Travel Demand?

• Managing travel demand is about providing
  travelers, regardless of whether they drive
  alone, with travel choices, such as work
  location, route, time of travel and mode. In
  the broadest sense, demand management is defined
  as providing travelers with effective choices to
  improve travel reliability.
• FHWA, 2006

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TRAVEL DEMAND STRATEGIES Choices

• Mode Choice Location Choice
• - drive alone - telework
• - car- and vanpool - Transit-oriented
  development
• - shuttle buses - Location-efficient mortgages
• bike/walk - proximate commute
• Time Choice Route Choice
• traveler info - traveler info
• travel time prediction - Active Traffic Mgmt
• event scheduling - HOV lanes
• flex-time/CWW - congestion pricing

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKTraffic vs. Travel Demand
Management
Source AVV and FHWA
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FOUR CATEGORIES OF DEMAND STRATEGIES

• OPERATIONAL
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• PRICING/FINANCIAL
• INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATION

FHWA, 2006
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OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES

• Improving the efficiency of the transport system
  by
• Providing real-time, multi-modal information
• Predicting travel times
• Active traffic management
• Traffic management centers
• Parking management
• Photo enforcement
• Improved public transport
• Managing large-scale events and emergencies
• Highway reconstruction mitigation

Sources ATAC, Schreffler, Hull, AVV
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OPERATIONAL EXAMPLE EUROPE

• ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT on M42 UK
• Use of hard shoulder
• Break-down areas
• Driver info panels
• Speed control
• Photo enforcement
• CCTV

Source Highways Agency
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INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIES

• Providing advantages to sustainable choices with
• HOV facilities
• Special use lanes
• Park-and-Ride facilities
• Access control (e.g., car-free zones)

Sources Schreffler and Highways Agency
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INFRASTRUCTURE EXAMPLE EUROPE

• SPECIAL LANES IN THE NETHERLANDS
• Rush hour lanes
• Use of hard shoulder running
• Peak period operations
• Good safety record
• Plus lanes
• Add extra narrow lane
• Reduced speed
• Reversible tidal-flow lane
• Exclusive bus and truck lanes

Rush hour lane

Plus lane
Bus lane
Plus lane
Truck and bus lane
Sources AVV and Hull
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PRICING/FINANCIAL STRATEGIES

• Trigger economic incentives and disincentives
  with
• Cordon pricing in congested centers
• Other road pricing schemes (trucks)
• Revenue for improved transit
• Subsidies for using alternative modes

London

Sources Hull, stockholmsforsoket.se, ATAC,
Schreffler
Stockholm
Rome
Germany
Germany
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PRICING EXAMPLE EUROPE

• STOCKHOLM TRIAL
• Legislated 7-month pilot test
• Cordon around city center
• 18 charging points photo of plates
• 10-20 SEK per crossing (1.44 - 2.88)
• 16 new bus routes 2,800 P-n-R spaces
• Goal 10-15 reduction in traffic
• Result 19 reduction in car traffic
• 4 increase in transit ridership
• Emissions reduced
• Referendum passed in city

Source stockholmsforsoket.se
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INSTITUTIONAL/FACILITATIVE STRATEGIES

• New ways to institutionalize demand management
  into planning, management, and operations via
• Partnerships
• Travel Planning
• Coordination
• New Policies

Source AVV

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INSTITUTIONAL EXAMPLE EUROPE

• HEATHROW AREA TRANSPORT FORUM
• Partnership of airport, towns and tenants
• Created Surface Access Strategy
• During planning of Heathrow Express
• Increased transit/carpool use (10 ? 19)
• Decreased car use (78 ? 70)
• Funded with parking surcharge
• Drive alone share decreased
• Transit and carpool share increased
• Consistent with Smarter Choices

Source Alastair Duff and BAA
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

• PERFORMANCE MONITORING
• Performance-based goals set
• Performance monitoring used to maximize
  efficiency
• Evaluation used to measure effectiveness in
  achieving objectives

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TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY

• A consistency or dependability in travel times,
  as measured from day to day or across different
  times of day.
• Measurements
• 90th or 95th percentile travel times
• Buffer index ( extra time needed)
• Planning time index (multiplier)
• FHWA 2006
• http//ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/tt_reliabilit
  y/brochure/index.htm

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PERFORMANCE GOALS

• Englands Performance Monitoring Policy
• Goal make travel times more reliable
• County divided into 98 key routes determine 90
  percentile of travel times for the system
• Public Service Agreement reduce travel time for
  the worst 10 of congested trips or potentially
  lose highway funds for these routes
• One solution cited in HA Business Plan manage
  demand (Integrated Demand Management - IDM)

Source Highways Agency
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THE KEY - INTEGRATION

• Demand management should be integrated with
• Long-range planning
• Land development
• Employer/school practices
• Planning for operations
• Traffic management
• System operations
• Performance measurement

Source City of Lund and Trivector Traffic AB
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INTEGRATION EXAMPLE

• LUNDAMATS Lund, Sweden
• Integrated, sustainable transport plan
• Sustainable town planning
• Priority to bicycles
• Extended transit (BRT)
• Reduce car traffic
• Employer and community transport solutions

Hull
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INTEGRATION EXAMPLE

• LUNDAMATS RESULTS
• Placed priority on sustainable travel
• Accommodated growth in travel without increasing
  car use
• Reduced VMT per capita in real terms

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INTEGRATION EXAMPLE

• ROME Traffic and Transit
• ATAC Mobility Agency for Rome public travel
• Limited public corporation
• Outsource service delivery and monitor schedule
  reliability
• Merged with city TMC private travel
• Manage access control
• Coordinate traveler information

Source ATAC
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MTD LESSONS LEARNED

• Lessons Learned from Europe
• Transportation Management Thinking Is Evolving In
  Europe
• Demand Management Differs From Traffic Management
• Owners and Service Providers are Working Together
• Demand Management Can Be Integrated Into
  Programs, Projects and Operations
• Economic Growth and Traffic Management Can
  Co-Exist

Hull
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MTD LESSONS LEARNED (cont)

• Road Pricing Proven Effective
• Customized Travel Time Prediction Is Possible
• Dynamic Signing Can Influence Safety and
  Operations
• Pre-Trip and Near Trip Information Can Influence
  Congestion
• Performance-based Evaluation Integrated Into
  Processes and Policies
• U.S. has a lot of experience with managing
  demand, but not as good as integrating into
  planning, management and operations

Hull

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DEFINITION What is Sustainable Transport?

• Sustainability is the simultaneous pursuit of
  economic prosperity, environmental quality and
  social equity.
• Sustainable transport works to meet the needs of
  present without compromising the ability of
  future generations to meet their own needs.

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FHWA Resources
http//international.fhwa.dot.gov/traveldemand/ind
ex.htm TDM and ATM European Experience

Traveler Information
http//www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/
manag_demand_tis/travelinfo.htm

• http//www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/tdm/index.htm
• US Experience