Jupiter

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Jupiter
King of the Gods and Planets 318 x Earths
Mass 11 x Earths Radius 1/1000 Suns Mass
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Exploration of Jupiter
Previous Missions
Pioneer 10 11
Voyager 1 2
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Last Jupiter Mission
Galileo (1995 - 2003)
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Galileo Probe
What did it tell us? What did we expect?
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Jupiters Cloud layers

• Haze (at the top)
• Ammonia
• Ammonium Hydrosulfide
• Water (lowest observed layer)

What did the Probe find?
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At 1 bar (Earth Sea level) T 130 K (-225 F),
P1 bar Depth of 150 km T 425 K (305 F), P22
bars Hotter and denser than expected Ammonia
and water layers - not detected Wind velocities -
FAST (700 kph, 435 mph) Chemically like Sun
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Clouds, clouds, clouds
Rotation rate 10 hours Differential Rotation ?
turbulence, and storms
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The Great Red Spot
400 Year old Storm 2-3 x size of the Earth
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• Red Spot Junior

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Aurora requires a magnetic field Whats
Jupiters magnetic field like? How is it
produced?
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Liquid Hydrogen
Molecular Hydrogen
Liquid Metallic Hydrogen
Rock and Metal
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Jupiters Ring System
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Satellites of Jupiter
Currently 60 known satellites Most small
asteroid-like, a few km in size 4 largest
satellites are the Galilean Satellites Io,
Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
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The Galilean Satellites
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Io - The Volcanic World
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Surface features change over time
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Continual volcanic eruptions Why?
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Highest density Fewest craters Youngest
surface Closest to Jupiter Tidal heating!
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Europa - The Ice World
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Ice features slowly changing Very few
craters Lower density than Io Slightly older
surface
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Ganymede - The Largest Moon
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Some resurfacing
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Lower density More craters, less
resurfacing Older surface
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Callisto - The Cratered Moon
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Valhalla Impact Basin - 1500 km
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Lowest Density Most craters Very little
resurfacing Oldest surface
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Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Closest To
Jupiter Furthest Highest density Lowest
density Mostly Rock Mostly Ice Fewest
Craters Most Craters Youngest
Surface Oldest Surface