Randy H. Katz

1
Pervasive 2002Zurich SwitzerlandPervasive
ComputingIts All About Network Services

• Randy H. Katz
• The United Microelectronics Corporation
  Distinguished Professor
• Computer Science Division, EECS Department
• University of California, Berkeley
• Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
• randy_at_cs.Berkeley.edu

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New Pervasive Networking Opportunity

• New things you can do inside the network
• Connecting end-points to services with
  processing embedded in the network fabric
• Not protocols but agents well-specified
  behavior, executing in places in the network
• Layer violation to enhance awareness acceptable
  location, network topology, data format,
  protocol, subscriber identify, service in
  execution
• Scalable session and flow-oriented processing
  measuring, monitoring, billing, prioritizing
• No single technical architecture likely to
  dominate think overlays, system of systems

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Network Services Communications
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Network Services Access
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New Kind of Communications-Oriented Service
Architecture

• Emerging, still developing, in a highly
  heterogeneous environment
• Rapid development/deployment of new services
  apps
• Delivered to radically diverse end devices
  (phone, computer, info appliance) over diverse
  access networks (PSTN, LAN, Wireless, Cellular,
  DSL, Cable, Satellite)
• Exploiting Internet-based technology core
  clients/server, applications level routers,
  TCP/IP protocols, Web/XML formats
• Beyond traditional call processing model
  client-proxy-server plus application-level
  partitioning
• New business model emerging tension between
  traditional managed networks and services vs.
  overlays on top and services outside
• Composition via cooperation or brokering to
  achieve enhanced performance and reliability

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Presentation Outline

• Inevitability of Heterogeneity
• Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering,
  Peering, Overlays
• An Approach to a New Service Architecture
• A New Pervasive Networking Research Agenda

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Presentation Outline

• Inevitability of Heterogeneity
• Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering,
  Peering, Overlays
• An Approach to a New Service Architecture
• A New Research Agenda

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X-Internet Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
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X-Internet Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
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Shape of Things NowEver More Sophisticated
Phones

• Phone w/voice command, voice dialing, intelligent
  text for short msgs
• MP3 player headset, digital voice recorder
• Mobile Internet with a built-in WAP Browser
• Java-enabled, over the air programmable
• Bluetooth GPRS
• Enhanced displays embedded cameras

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Shape of Things NowNew Converged Products

• Phone Messenger PDA Combinations
• E.g., Blackberry 5810 Wireless Phone/Handheld
• Integration of PDA Telephone
• PLUS Gateway to Internet and Enterprise
  applications
• 1900 MHz GSM/GPRS (Euroversion at 900 Mhz)
• SMS Messaging, Internet access
• QWERTY Keyboard, 20 line display
• JAVA applications capable
• 8 MB flash 1 MB SRAM

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Locator Systems GPS 2-Way Messaging
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Shape of Things to Come Sensor Networks

• Embedded processing, time synchronization
  mechanisms, real-time event handling, multihop
  network routing, application development tools
  and environments

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Environmental SensingSensor-to-Remote Researcher

• Great Duck Island
• Remote investigation of microhabitats
• David Culler, Alan Mainwaring, Intel Berkeley
  Laboratories

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Devices in the eXtreme
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Pervasive Computing ConvergenceVia Services
in the Network

• Not just about gadgets or access technologies,
  which are becoming ever more diverse
• But services and applications, and how the net
  can best support them anywhere, anytime
• Bottlenecks are near the edge, not the core
• Enabled by
• Computing embedded in communications fabric
  distributed, wide-area, topology-aware
• Per session characterization, processing,
  prioritization, monitoring, management, billing

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Presentation Outline

• Inevitability of Heterogeneity
• Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering,
  Peering, Overlays
• An Approach to a New Service Architecture
• A New Research Agenda

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Putting it Together Connectivity and Processing
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Multi-Party Administered World Agile or Fragile?

• Baltimore Tunnel Fire, 18 July 2001
• The fire also damaged fiber optic cables,
  slowing Internet service across the country,
• Keynote Systems says the July 19 Internet
  slowdown was not caused by the spreading of Code
  Red. Rather, a train wreck in a Baltimore tunnel
  that knocked out a major UUNet cable caused it.
• PSINet, Verizon, WorldCom and AboveNet were some
  of the bigger communications companies reporting
  service problems related to peering, methods
  used by Internet service providers to hand
  traffic off to others in the Web's
  infrastructure. Traffic slowdowns were also seen
  in Seattle, Los Angeles and Atlanta, possibly
  resulting from re-routing around the affected
  backbones.
• The fire severed two OC-192 links between
  Vienna, VA and New York, NY as well as an OC-48
  link from, D.C. to Chicago. Metromedia routed
  traffic around the fiber break, relying heavily
  on switching centers in Chicago, Dallas, and
  D.C.

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The Network Effect

• Creating and deploying new services
• Development and deployment expense
• Cost of 3G licenses and networks
• Even if I had 1 billion and set up 1000s of
  locations, I could never in my network have a
  completely ubiquitous footprint.Sky Dayton,
  founder of Boingo
• Achieving desirable end-to-end properties
• Control of the end-to-end path
• Evolving network services
• Difficult to change global operational
  infrastructure
• Approach Peering, Composition, Overlays
• Needed a service architecture that supports this

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PeeringPolicy-Based Routing

• Multi-homing
• Reliability of network connectivity
• Traffic discrimination

Primary Transit Network
End Network
Berkeley Campus
Dorm Traffic
Alternative Transit Network
Research Traffic
Fail-over
Peer Network
Peer Network
Peer Network
Peer Networks
CalREN
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Compositionfor GPRS Transit

• eXchanges
• Aicent, Belgacom, Cable Wireless, Carrier1,
  Comfone/Infonet, Deutsche Telekom, Ebone,
  Energis, France Telecom, Global Crossing,
  KPNQwest, Sonera/Equant, Telecom Italia, Telenor,
  Telia, Telecommunications Services Inc, WorldCom

Per Johannson, Ericsson Research
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OverlaysCreating New Interdomain Services

• Deploy new services above the routing layer
• E.g., interdomain multicast management and
  peering
• E.g., alternative connectivity for performance,
  resilience

Isolated Intra-cloud service
Traditional unicast peering
Steve McCanne
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OverlaysBrokered Resources for Applications

• Examples
• Multicast management and peering at application
  level
• Implement performance qualities at overlay level

Steve McCanne
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Composition and CooperationMobile Virtual
Network Operator

• MVNO has everything but its own physical network

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Composition of Wireless Infrastructure Services
Billing, ECommerce Authentication Inter-site
Mobility
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Mobile Internet Edge
Content optimization, policy-based filtering,
security authentication, session/content/locatio
n/subscriber-aware
HW supports scaled monitoring/measurement for
allocation of resources, network management,
charging,
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Presentation Outline

• Inevitability of Heterogeneity
• Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering,
  Peering, Overlays
• An Approach to a New Service Architecture
• A New Research Agenda

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SAHARA Project Service Architecture
for Heterogeneous Access Resources
and Applications
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Scenario ServiceComposition
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Service Composition

• New mechanisms, techniques for end-to-end
  services w/ desirable, predictable, enforceable
  properties spanning potentially distrusting
  service providers
• Tech architecture for service composition
  inter-operation across separate admin domains,
  supporting peering brokering, and diverse
  business, value-exchange, access-control models
• Functional elements
• Service discovery
• Service-level agreements
• Service composition under constraints
• Redirection to a service instance
• Performance measurement infrastructure
• Constraints based on performance, access control,
  accounting/billing/settlements
• Service modeling and verification

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Service Composition Models

• Cooperative
• Individual component service providers interact,
  with distributed responsibility, providing
  end-to-end composed service
• Brokered
• Broker uses functionalities provided by
  underlying service providers, encapsulates these
  to compose an end-to-end service

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Layered Reference Model for Service Composition
End-User Applications
Applications Services
Application Plane
Middleware Services
End-to-End Network With Desirable Properties
Enhanced Paths
Connectivity Plane
Enhanced Links
IP Network
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Technical Themes

• Trust management and behavior verification
• Meet promised functionality, performance,
  availability
• Adapting to network dynamics
• Actively respond to shifting server-side
  workloads and network congestion, based on
  pervasive monitoring measurement
• Awareness of network topology to drive service
  selection
• Adapting to user dynamics
• Resource allocation responsive to client-side
  workload variations
• Resource provisioning and management
• Service allocation and service placement
• Interoperability across multiple service
  providers
• Interworking across similar services deployed by
  different providers

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Presentation Outline

• Inevitability of Heterogeneity
• Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering,
  Peering, Overlays
• An Approach to a New Service Architecture
• A New Research Agenda

36
Overlays to Deploy Disruptive Services in
Existing Networks

• How can overlays be exploited for greater network
  resilience and performance?
• Faults be better isolated and diagnosed?
• Abstractions of topology and performance?
• Placement, Paths, and Load Balancing
• Server (Application Level Router) Placement
• For scaling, reliability, load balancing, latency
• Where? Network topology discovery WAN Core,
  Metro/Regional, Access Networks
• Choice of Inter-Server Paths
• For server-to-server latency/bandwidth/loss rate
• Predictable/verifiable network performance
  (intra-ISP SLA)
• Redirection Mechanisms
• Random, round-robin, load-informed redirection
• Net vs. server as bottleneck

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Placement of Intelligence in the Network

• Is the end-to-end model still the right
  conceptual framework?
• Composition via Brokering and Cooperation
• Separation of Service, Server, Service Path
• Assume Server Centers known, can be
  discovered or register with a Service Placement
  Service (SPS)
• How is Service named, described, performance
  constraints expressed, and registered?
• How is app/service-specific performance measured
  and made known to Service Placement Service?
• Service Appliances at the MIE
• How to exploit per-user session characterization
  and pervasive measurement and monitoring?

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Pervasive Computing Pervasive Communications
and Processing

• Increasing diversity of interconnected devices
• Increasing importance of services to mitigate
  diversity and to provide new functionality and
  customization
• Enabled by processing embedded in the network
  interconnect, locally and globally
• Active networking is real
• Global services realized through managed
  composition
• Recognition of the role of multiple service
  providers and administrative domains
• Separation of services from connectivity via
  overlays
• No single operator deploys the global service

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Pervasive 2002Pervasive ComputingIts All
About Network ServicesRandy H. KatzQuestions
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