By:- S R BHATT,EX-PROGRAMME DIRECTOR AND HEAD,ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIVISION,A T I R A,AHMEDABAD,AND UNIDO EXPERT ON POLLUTION CONTROL

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By-S R BHATT,EX-PROGRAMME DIRECTOR AND
HEAD,ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIVISION,A T I R
A,AHMEDABAD,AND UNIDO EXPERT ON POLLUTION CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES AND SCOPE FOR
ENHANCED COMPLIANCE IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
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Overview

• Types Of Textile Industry
• Pollution Problems of Textile Industry
• Specific Problems in environmental COMPLIACE
  aspects
• Prospective and Proven Remedial Measures for
  sustainable compliance
• Action-oriented Conclusions

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TYPES OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

• DECENTARALISED AND ORGANISED SECTORS
• GINNING,POWERLOOMS, YARN DYEING UNITS,INTEGRATED
  PROCESS HOUSES,DENIM PROCESSING AND APPAREL
  UNITS,HOSIERY UNITS,HAND OPERATED COTTAGE
  UNITS,KNITTING AND DYEING UNITS
• CARPET INDUSTRY,FULLY INTEGRATED COMPOSITE
  TEXTILE MILLS,WOOLEN INDUSTRY,READY MADE GARMENT
  INDUSTRY,HAND LOOM INDUSTRY,TRADITIONAL TEXTILE
  UNITS, JUTE INDUSTRY,GEO TEXTILES,INDUSTRIAL
  FABRICS,CARBON FIBRE INDUSTRY

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POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

• WATER,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL,
• HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL,
• AMBIENT AIR QUALITY,RECYCLING OF WATER AND
  CHEMICALS
• ,RECOVERY OF WASTE HEAT,SUSTAINABLE COMPLIANCE OF
  ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT REQUIREMENTS,
• ADOPTION OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, and CLEANER
  PRODUCTION PRACTICES
• CONTROL OF GREEN HOUSE GASES,
• SUSTAINABILITY OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
• TOTAL LACK OF CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF GREEN
  CHAIN MECHANISM
• POOR QUALITY OF PRODUCTS IN COMPARISION TO THE
  WORLD STANDARDS
• LACK OF EFFICIENT TERTIARY MEASURES
• LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
• POOR FOCUS ON SAFETY,HEALTH AND HYGIENE ASPECTS
  AND TOTAL INDIFFERENCE TO SOCIETAL RESPONSIBILITY

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• MECHANISM,QUALITY STANDARDS,
• REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT SCENARIO IN
  CLUSTERS OF THE INDUSTRY,
• INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN POLLUTION CONTROL
  SYSTEMS, AND POOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRAINING IN
  ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS,
  INDIFFERENT/NEGLIGENT MANAGEMENT FOCUS ON
  POLLUTION CONTROL ISSUES
• USUALLY POOR PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMON EFFLUENT
  TREATMENT PLANTS

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SPECIFIC CURRENT BURNING PROBLEMS IN THE
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

• SUSTAINABLE COMPLIANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
  STIPULATIONS
• HIGH COLOUR,C O D,T D S,AND, PH IN PRTICULAR
  INDUSTRY LIKE CARBONISING POLYESTER INDUSTRY
• REMOVAL OF RSPM,Sox,AND FUMES FROM VARIOUS
  EXHAUSTS
• SUSTAINABLE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
• RAW WATER QUALITY,AVAILABILITY,AND REUSE OF THE
  TREATED EFFLUENT
• SOLID WASTE,HAZARDOUS AND NON-HAZARDOUS,DISPOSAL

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• COMPLIANCE OF ZERO DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS
• OBSOLETE ENVIRONMENT MANAGAMENT CONTROLS AND
  SYSTEMS IN THE FACE OF INCREASINGLY STRINGENT
  STANDARDS
• MOST OF THE EXISTING MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AND
  PRACTICES FOLLOWED ARE NOT AT ALL AMENABLE FOR
  SUSTAINABLE AND GENUINE COMPLIANCE, DUE TO
  TECHNICAL,ECONOMICAL AND MIND-SET RELATED
  CONSTRAINTS
• LACK OF SPACE FOR THE PLANTS AND MACHINERY ON
  POLLUTION CONTROL

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• RECOVERY OF UNFIXED DYES,SYNTHETIC SIZING
  CHEMICALS LIKE ACRYLATES, CAUSTIC SODA IN LOW
  CONCENTRATION IN THE DISCHARGES,RECOVERY OF HEAT
  FROM STENTER EXHAUSTS
• ADOPTION OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND CLEAN
  PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON A WIDER AND SUSTAINABLE
  SCALE
• EFFICIENT COMBUSTION OF FUELS IN THE BOILERS AND
  THERMIC FLUID HEATERS,AND EFFICIENT USE OF
  ELECTRIC POWERPOOR ENERGY USE AND RESULTANT HUGE
  GREEN FOOTPRINT
• POOR/NO INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN
  ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITH
  POOR,UNRILIABLE RECORDS
• TOTAL LACK OF ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES IN
  MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
• INEFFICIENT OPERATIO AND POORLY DESIGNED COMMON
  EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE TEXTILE
  CLUSTERS

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POROSPECTIVE AND PROVEN REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR
ENHANCED COMPLIANCE

• RECOVERY OF HEAT AND WATER BY WELL-PROVEN
  TECHNOLOGIES LIKE WASTE HEAT BOILERS,HEAT
  EXCHANGERS,NANO FILTRATION,REVERSE OSMOSIS,AND SO
  ON
• PROVISION OF PLC-BASED CONTROLS ON THE BOILERS,
  THERMIC FLUID HEATERS AND E T P
• USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY FUELS LIKE LOW- SULFER
  COAL,AGRO WASTES,AND FLUIDISED COMBUSTION AND
  OTHER MORE EFFICIENT COMBUSTION TECHNIQUES
• USE OF CNG AND INDUSTRIAL GASEOUS FUELS
• REDUCTION IN WATER CONSUMPTION AT THE
  MANUFACTURING STAGES BY INCORPORATION OF VARIOUS
  PROVEN TECHNIQUES LIKE, SQUEEZE ROLLERS,COUNTER
  CURRENT OPERATIONS,AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE
  CONTROLLERS,COMPARTMENTALISATION,AND REUSE OF
  TREATED EFFLUENT IN WASHING OPERATIONS AND SO ON

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• AUTOMATIC Ph COTROLLER AND D. O. AND TEMPERATURE
  SENSORS,FLOW MESUREMENT DEVICES IN E T P
• INCORPORATING OF SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENTS
  LIKE FILTER PRESSES,BELT PRESS SYSTEMS,VACUUM
  FILTRATION,SOLAR DRYING,ETC
• INCORPORATION OF ONLINE CONTROLS
• INCORPORATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AND CLEAN
  TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES
• PROPER TRAINING OF THE TECHNICIANS, AND ADOPTION
  OF ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES

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• PROPER DESIGN AND OPERATION OF C E T PS
• PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE TOP MANAGEMENT PERCEPTION
  ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• TRYING NOVEL EMERGING MANUFACTURING AND TREATMENT
  TECHNOLOGIES LIKE HIGH EXHAUSTION DYES,DRY
  PROCESSING,WIND AND SOLAR POWER,COMPACT CAPTIVE
  POWER GENERATION ETC
• USE OF BIO-AUGMENTATION AND BIO-REMEDIATION IN E
  T P AND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

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Action-oriented Conclusions

• THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY MANIFESTS EXTREME WIDE
  VARIATION IN THE MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AND
  PRACTICES DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF PRODUCT AND
  THE SIZE AND SECTOR OF THE INDUSTRY
  AND,THEREFORE,DEFIES ANY GENERALISED COMMON
  APPROACH TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE.
• HOWEVER, THERE ARE A FEW COMMON FEATURES AND
  TRENDS AND THERE ARE A VAST VARIETY OF UNCOMMON
  ISSUES IN THE POLLUTION CONTROL ACROSS THE ENTIRE
  SPECTRUM OF THE INDUSTRY.

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• INCORPORATION OF A VAST ARRAY OF DEVICES NOW
  AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY LIKE AUTOMATIC
  CONTROLS,MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY SYSTEMS,MINIMISATIO
  N OF WATER CONSUMPTION THROUGH SEVERAL AUTOMATIC
  AND RETROFITTABLE MEASURES,MODERNISATION OF THE
  EXISTING E M S,USE OF SUITABLE RECYCLE
  TECHNOLOGIES,DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE THROUGH
  VERMI CULTURE/ BIO LOGICAL METHODS,USE OF SOLAR
  AND WIND ENERGY
• ADVANCED OXIDATION SYSTEMS FOR MORE EFFICIENT
  REMOVAL OF TOXIC AND RECALCITRANT
  COMPOUNDS,ADOPTING ZERO DISCHARGE SYSTEMS LIKE
  REVERSE OSMOSIS,MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATION,
  INCINERATION ETC WOULD GO A LONG WAY IN ENSURING
  GOOD COMPLIANCE OF THE NORMS

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• MUCH GREATER EMPHASIS ON EMERGING CONCEPTS AND
  TECHNOLOGIES ENCOMPASSING, CLEANER PRODUCTION
  PRACTICES,CLEAN TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES,GREEN
  SUPPLY CHAIN MECHANISM,BIO AUGMENTATION AND BIO
  REMEDIATION,ECO-FRIENDLY CAPTIVE POWER
  GENERATION,DISCONTINUATION OF TOXIC AND BANNED
  CHEMICALS,ENCOURAGEMENT OF ALL ECO-FRIENDLY
  PRACTICES WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE MANUFACTURING
  PLANT
• TRAINING OF TECHNICIANS AND MANAGEMENT TO BRING
  ABOUT A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THEIR PERSPECTIVE OF
  THEIR OWN OBLIGATIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND
  SOCIETY.

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THANK YOU

• -gtANY QUESTIONS?