CELL BIOLOGY

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CELL BIOLOGY
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CELLS

• the most basic unit of life
• can become organism by themselves
• can function as part of a larger organism
• have different unique structure and function

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Cell membrane or Plasma membrane

• outer boundary of the cell
• very thin and fragile
• performs numerous functions
• acts as a physical barrier that separates the
  inside of the cell from the surrounding
  extracellular fluid
• it controls the entry of ions and nutrients,
  elimination of wastes, and release of secretory
  products
• it contains a variety of receptors that allow the
  cell to recognize and respond to specific
  molecules in its environment.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• intracellular membranes joined by the membranous
  nuclear envelope surrounding the nucleus
• Functions are
• Production of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
• Stores molecules or materials absorbed from
  cytosol that affect cellular operations
• Acts as a transport so materials can travel from
  place to place in the cell
• There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum
  (ER)
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER

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• Centrioles
• short cylindrical structures
• perpendicular to each other
• creates the spindle fibers that move DNA strands
  during cell division
• Mitochondria
• double-membrane, oval or rod-shaped organelles
• Function is to control the effect that provides
  energy for the cell.
• called the powerhouse of the cell

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• Golgi Apparatus
• contains several sets of flat membranous layers
• Functions are
• productions and packaging of secretions such as
  enzymes
• renewal or transformation of the cell membrane
• packaging of special enzymes in the cytosol
• Lysosomes
• single-membrane oval within the cytoplasm
• it performs cleanup and recycling within the cell
• functions in the defense against disease and
  removes damaged or dead cells
• called suicide bags

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• Nucleus
• most vital organelle
• brain for the cells metabolic activity and cell
  division
• spherical shape
• floats inside the cytoplasm
• surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane
• contains the DNA which is the genetic code that
  manages the production of proteins
• called the control center of the cell

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Cell Biology Self Test

• _____ are the most basic unit of life.
• Answer Cells
• _____ is outer boundary of the cell.
• Answer Cell Membrane
• _____ called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Answer Mitochondria
• _____ called suicide bags of the cell.
• Answer Lysosomes
• _____ called control center of the cell.
• Answer Nucleus