Civil Rights Movement-

1
Civil Rights Movement-
2
How Could We?

• Claim to be the land of opportunity when 55 of
  African Americans in 1959 were in poverty
• 21 in 1964 had high school diploma
• 20 of African Americans own a house in 64
• Mobs/lynching are common of African Americans and
  accepted
• Limited work opportunities
• Country is segregated
• Education opportunities are NOT equal
• AND THEN SAY WE ARE BETTER THAN COMMUNISM?????
• THEY USE THIS AGAINST AMERICA!!

3
Starting- Prior 1954

• Jim Crow laws quickly spread-
• Laws that segregated whites from minorities
• Majority of America agrees
• Plessy vs. Ferguson- separate but equal ruling
• As long as there
• are 2

4
Early Champions of Equal Rights

• Booker T. Washington- believes education will
  allow us to become 1 nation and all equal.
• W.E.B. Dubois- starts the NAACP

5
1940 Gains

• Defense industry cant discriminate based on
  race.
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• Organization dedicated to nonviolent protest
• Executive Order 9981- Trumans order to
  desegregate the military in 1948

6
(No Transcript)
7
Jackie Robinson- 1947

• 1st African American baseball player
• Brooklyn Dodgers
• Became a symbol and inspiration
• Satchel Paige- Baseball Pitcher
• Greatest of all time

The only change is that baseball has turned Paige
from a second class citizen to a second class
immortal."
8
Thurgood Marshal

• Lead lawyer for NAACP
• NAACP strategy was to attack the Separate but
  Equal precedence by taking cases to court dealing
  w/education
• Lead on Brown V Board

9

• Lower courts uphold segregation
• Hears testimony for two years.
• Studies prove that African American kids have a
  perception that white kids are inherently better
  than they are
• Divided a school by race the court rules hurts
  their education.
• Dont offer how and when school should
  desegregate

10

• Desegregated buses and trains
• BUT increased taxes for increased teacher pay.
• Democrats had put a candidate up against him in
  the primaries

11
Little Rock Nine

• 21 states have segregated schools

12
(No Transcript)
13
Reaction to Brown down South

• Virginia closes any school that desegregates
• Assisted white students to attend private school
• States resist and riots occur

14
Little Rock Arkansas

• Gov. Orval Faubus refuses to integrate-
• To combine 2 groups in such a way they become 1
• Ran as a Progressive

15
The Crisis-

• Orders Arkansas National Guard not let the 9
  students in
• There will be blood in the streets
• 3 weeks the students are met w/mobs of white
  supremacist
• Will Counts- Photographer

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Alex Wilson, editor of the Chicago Daily Defender
20
Eisenhower Intervenes

• Faubus told Eisenhower he would integrate and use
  the guard.
• He doesnt
• When that pict. hits Eisenhowers desk he
  literally calls out the troops
• Says states and mobs cant overrule our courts
• Sends in the 101st Airborne to escort the kids
  for the 1st year

21
Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955

• 2/3 Riders were African American
• Rosa Parks- Refuses to give up her seat
• Not the 1st, but she was the perfect candidate
• Just like Linda Brown
• Parks was securely married and employed,
  possessed a quiet and dignified demeanor, and was
  politically savvy.
• Becomes the symbol of the Civil Rights Movement

22
The Boycott

• Next day a 1 day boycott of the system
• 90 stay off the busses
• Montgomery Improvement Organization
• Organized the boycott
• Martin Luther King Jr. becomes the leader
• Becomes the leader of the Civil Rights Movement

23
Success!

• Hold out for 381 days- Supreme Court rules it is
  unconstitutional- Commerce Power
• Success inspires African Americans

24
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

• Group that formed that would organize protest
  activities taking place all across the region
• Martin Luther King Jr. elected leader