The Meeting of Cultures

1
The Meeting of Cultures

• Chapter 1

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Intro

• Bering Straight
• By 15th century, estimated 50-75 million people

3
America before Columbus

• Civilizations of the South
• Incas
• Powerful empire

4

• Mayans
• Sophisticated culture with written language

5

• Aztecs
• Nomadic warrior tribe
• Ruled over much of central and southern Mexico

Tenochtitlan
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Setbacks

• Incas had no written language

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Civilizations of the North

• Tribes north of Mexico did not develop as large
  or political systems as elaborate as the Incas,
  Mayas and Aztecs

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• Great Plains Region
• farming
• Eastern
• Algonquin tribes

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Iroquois Confederation

• Centered in upstate New York
• Tribes
• Seneca

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Muskogean

• Southernmost region of the Eastern seaboard
• Tribes
• Chichasaws
• fragile alliances

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Tribal Cultures
Fake Smile

• Agriculture
• i. maize
• Astronomy
• Mayan concept of zero

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Tribal Cultures

• Religion
• closely bound to the natural world
• Difference in Mentality and Social Roles

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Europe Looks Westward

• 16th Century Europe
• Bubonic Plague
• The Beginning of Capitalism
• New Governments

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First Wave The Explorers

• Early Individuals
• Purpose/Incentive

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First Wave The Explorers Contd

• Christopher Columbus (1492, 1493, 1498, 1502)

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First Wave The Explorers Contd

• Christopher Columbus (1492, 1493, 1498, 1502)
• Believed world was smaller (than it is!)
• In response to Columbuss success, Spain

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Second Wave Conquistadors

• Individuals and conquests
• Cortez Aztecs

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Second Wave Conquistadors Contd

• Purpose/Incentives

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The Sword and The Cross AKA weapons

• 3 Gs God, Glory, and Gold
• Superior weaponry
• Religion

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The Sword and The Cross AKA weapons Contd

• Disease
• Natives did not have immunity to these diseases
• Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond

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Third Wave Officials and Missionaries

• Officials
• crops
• livestock
• Missionaries

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EUROPE RECEIVED COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AMERICAS RECEIVED
FOOD CORN, WHITE POTATOES, PUMPKINS, TOMATOES, CACAO, STRAWBERRIES, QUININE, TOBACCO FOOD SUGAR, WHEAT, RICE, CITRUS FRUITS, TEA, COFFEE, BANANAS, OKRA, BARLEY, OATS, WINE GRAPES
ANIMALS TURKEYS, GUINEA PIGS, RATTLESNAKES, BUFFALO, RACCOONS ANIMALS HORSES, CHICKENS, PIGS, COWS, GOATS, SHEEP, RATS, OXEN
DISEASES SYPHILIS DISEASES SMALLPOX, MEASLES, INFLUENZA
RELIGION CHRISTIANITY
WEAPONS AND TOOLS GUNS AND IRON TOOLS
Colonization to Reconstruction Early U.S.
History Review
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The Beginning of African Slavery in the New World

• Southern Sahara/Guinea history

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The Beginning of African Slavery in the New World
Contd

• Slavery as custom in Africa
• Demand for Slavery in Americas

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English Incentives for Colonization

• Commercial
• rise of the merchant class
• Mercantilism
• Religious
• Martin Luther

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English Incentives for Colonization Contd

• John Calvin

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English Incentives for Colonization Contd

• English Reformation

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English Incentives for Colonization Contd

• English Defeats Spanish Armada
• Elizabeth dies/ James I takes over

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Different Strategies, Different Places, Different
Countries

• English in Ireland
• French Strategy

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Different Strategies, Different Places, Different
Countries Contd

• Dutch Strategy (aka Netherlands/Holland)
• Independence from Spain/Holy Roman Empire in
  1600s

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Different Strategies, Different Places, Different
Countries Contd

• First English Efforts
• Raleigh and Gilbert
• Roanoke 1585
• located off the coast of North Carolina

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Different Strategies, Different Places, Different
Countries Contd

• Roanoke 1587
• Desire to colonize remained alive