IV HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

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IV HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

• THE ROMANO-CHRISTIAN EMPIRE, A.D. 300-500
• UPON THIS ROCK I WILL FOUND MY CHURCH

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• CHRISTIANITY MADE LEGAL AND
• EMPIRE CHRISTIANIZED
• BIBLE STABILIZED (MADE CANONICAL)
• CHURCH CONTROVERSIES ARIANISM, PELAGIANISM,
  PRIMACY OF ROME

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• I. CHRISTIANITY LEGALIZED

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I. LEGALIZATION

• MARTYRDOM WORKED AGAINST THE EMPIRE THE BLOOD
  OF THE MARTYRS IS THE SEED OF CHRISTIANS
• CITIZENS WERE IMPRESSED BY THE GOODNESS AND
  COURAGE OF THOSE WHO DIED. BY A.D. 300 AS MUCH AS
  10 OR 20 WERE CHRISTIAN

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EMPEROR CONSTANTINE, A.D. 272-337
HIS MOTHER HELENA A CHRISTIAN SLAVE
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• BYZANTINE IMAGES
• OF THE MADONNA
• AND CHILD IN
• IMPERIAL TOGAS
• MIRROR
• HELEN AND
• CONSTANTINE

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AREZZO, PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA
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HISDREAM
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HELENA AND THE TRUE CROSS
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EDICT OF TOLERATIONJUNE, A.D. 313
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II. CHRISTIANIZATION OF EMPIRE
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FROM LAMBS TO LIONSFOURTH-CENTURY CHRISTIANS
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THE END OF ROMAN PAGANISMEDICT OF
TOLERATION A.D. 313EMPIRE DECLARED CHRISTIAN
A.D. 391OLYMPIC GAMES BANNED A.D. 393
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II. CHRISTIANIZATION OF EMPIRE

• TORTURE AND INFANTICIDE BECOME LESS COMMON
• BIBLE BECOMES SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
• SEX AND MARRIAGE BECOME STRICTER

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III. CANON OF THE BIBLEDETERMINED

• IN CONSTANTINOPLE AND ELSEWHERE IMPERIAL BIBLES
  COULD BE WRITTEN WITH GOLD LETTERS ON PURPLE
  VELLUM, AS HERE

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III. CHRISTIAN BIBLE

• BY A.D. 300 THE NEW TESTAMENT EXISTED MORE OR
  LESS AS WE KNOW IT
• CHURCH COUNCILS IN THE FOURTH CENTURY CANONIZED/
  AUTHORIZED THIS NEW TESTAMENT
• IN WHAT LANGUAGES WERE THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS
  WRITTEN?

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III. BIBLE

• TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE START TO APPEAR.
• ORIGENS HEXAPLA (SIX-FOLD) HEBREW SCRIPTURES IN
  SIX GREEK VERSIONS, A.D. 184-253
• WULFILA, AN ARIAN CHRISTIAN SLAVE OF THE GOTHS,
  TRANSLATES IT INTO GOTHIC TO CONVERT THEM, A.D.
  310-383
• BIBLE IS ALSO, EARLY ON, TRANSLATED INTO
  ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, COPTIC, ETHIOPIC, GEORGIAN,
  ETC.
• JEROME, PAULA AND EUSTOCHIUM RE-TRANSLATE THE
  LATINUS VETUS, AGAIN, INTO LATIN, AS THE VULGATE,
  A.D. 347-420
• LATER, IRISH SCHOLARS WILL CORRECT JEROMES
  VULGATE BIBLE AGAINST THE HEBREW AND GREEK
  ORIGINAL TEXTS.

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IV. CHURCH CONTROVERSIES
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IV. CONTROVERSIES

• WITH NO EXTERNAL ENEMIES (ROMAN STATE, PAGAN
  PHILOSOPHERS, ETC), CHRISTIANS TRAGICALLY BEGAN
  TO QUARREL AMONG THEMSELVES.
• COUNCIL OF NICEA, A.D. 325, RESULTED IN CONFLICTS
• A. ARIANISM
• B. PELAGIANISM
• C. NESTORIANISM
• D. PRIMACY OF ROME

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A. ARIANISM

• IS JESUS A MAN, OR GOD?
• ARIANS (ARIUS, A.D. 256-336)
• TAUGHT THAT JESUS IS A DIVINE BEING BUT NOT GOD
  AS HE IS CREATED BY AND THEREFORE INFERIOR TO THE
  FATHER.
• TRINITARIANS (ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA,
  A.D. 296-373)
• TAUGHT THAT JESUS WAS NOT CREATED BY THE FATHER,
  BUT EXISTS FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIME. HE IS GOD
  AS MUCH AS IS HIS FATHER

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B. PELAGIANISM

• ARE PEOPLE SAVED BECAUSE OF THE MERCY OF JESUS OR
  BECAUSE OF THEIR ACTIONS?
• PELAGIUS (A.D. 354-420), SAID ACTIONS
• AUGUSTINE, BISHOP OF HIPPO (A.D. 396-430), SAID
  MERCY

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• PELAGIUS SAYS WE ARE INHERENTLY GOOD
• AUGUSTINE SAYS EVIL IS THE TENDING TO NON-BEING
• AUGUSTINE COUNTERS PELAGIUS WITH THE DOCTRINE OF
  ORIGINAL SIN

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C. NESTORIANISM

• NESTORIUS (A.D. 386-451), OF THE ANTIOCH SCHOOL
  WHICH INTERPRETED BIBLE LITERALLY, BRIEFLY
  ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, TAUGHT THAT JESUS
  TWO NATURES, HUMAN AND DIVINE WERE SEPARATE, DID
  NOT ACCEPT MARY AS THEOTOKOS (GOD-BEARER).
  CONDEMNED AS HERETIC AT 431 COUNCIL OF EPHESUS.
  NESTORIANS BROKE WITH ORTHODOX AND CATHOLIC
  CHURCH, SPREAD IN THE EAST, INCLUDING CHINA, A.D.
  635.

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D. THE PRIMACY OF ROME
THE STRUCTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIAN
COMMUNITIES WHAT DOES BISHOP MEAN?
(bishop means overseer)
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PRIMACY OF ROME IN FIRST THREE CENTURIES

• JESUS SAYS PETER IS THE ROCK UPON WHICH CHRIST
  WILL BUILD HIS CHURCH.
• PETERS SUCCESSORS AS BISHOPS OF ROME CAME TO
  HOLD THEMSELVES HEADS OF THE CHURCH.
• ROMES RIVAL IS CONSTANTINOPLE, CONSECRATED BY
  CONSTANTINE, A.D. 330.

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MANY ROMAN CATACOMBS SHOW PETER AND PAUL ON EACH
SIDE OF CHRIST BECAUSE THEY BECAME LOCAL
SAINTS, TRAVELING TO THEIR MARTYRDOMS IN ROME.
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PRIMACY OF ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE IN FOURTH AND
FIFTH CENTURIES

• CANON 28 OF THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON, A.D. 451
• ROME IS TO REMAIN THE CAPITAL OF CHRISTIANITY,
  BUT TOGETHER WITH CONSTANTINOPLE.
• 1054 DONATION OF CONSTANTINE GAVE ROME PRIMACY,
  EXPOSED AS 9TH CENTURY FORGERY IN RENAISSANCE

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DATES TO REMEMBER

• COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM, A.D. 49
• EDICT OF TOLERANCE A.D 313
• COUNCIL OF NICAEA A.D. 325
• COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON A.D. 451

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FORGERIES TO REMEMBER

• A. 1054, DONATION OF CONSTANTINE, ROMES
  PRIMACY OF PETER. CAUSES SCHISM BETWEEN
  ORTHODOXY AND CATHOLICISM
• B. PSEUDO-DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE, LATE
  5TH-EARLY 6TH CENTURIES, WRITING ON HIERARCHIES,
  INVENTING WORD, PRETENDS TO BE EYEWITNESS TO
  CRUCIFIXION AND HEARING ST PAUL PREACH ON
  AREOPAGUS. QUOTED BY AQUINAS 1700 TIMES

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San Miniato
SAN MINIATO
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ARMENIAN CHRISTIAN SLAVEAND
SOLDIER,SAINT MINIAS/MENAS, THIRD
CENTURYAFTER CHRIST.SAN MINIATO,11-12TH
CENTURY,ROMANESQUE,WOOL GUILD
ICON, BETHLEHEM
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ARMENIAN SAINT MINIAS, HIS RELICS
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THE ZODIAC
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AND THE VIEW
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From above