Linux Tutorial Part I

1
Linux Tutorial Part I

• ICS023

2
Overview

• Motivation
• History
• Getting Started
• File System
• Getting Comfy
• Networking
• Development
• Program Administration
• System Administration

3
Motivation

• Why are we here?
• Systems development and deployment inhibited by
  Microsoft
• Free, open source software provides
• Accessibility/reconfigurability
• Community support
• In particular, Linux provides
• Diskless install, booting
• Kernel access and modification
• Driver customization
• Flattening learning curve

4
History

• 1971 First Unix release by Thompson, Ritchie et
  al.
• 1991 Linux Torvalds posts about (free) OS
• 1992 Tannenbaum states Linux is obsolete
• 1999 Embedded buzzword permeates, John
  Patrick speaks about Linux and open source
• 2000 or so Windows CE, Embedded XP, etc.
• Today Embedded systems research group with lack
  of experience in Linux?

5
Getting Started

• Choose wisely
• Distribution
• Redhat, Fedora, Debian, Slackware, Suse,
  Yellowdog
• Kernel Version
• 2.4, 2.6
• Partition
• Install
• 30 minutes, no more difficult than MS
• Also, can get feel for administration and use
  without hassle - Knoppix

6
File System

• Root directory /
• /etc
• /home
• /usr
• /bin
• /dev
• Superuser access
• Groups
• Permissions
• lttypegtugo
• chmod a,octal triplet file
• Links (hard, soft)
• ln lttargetgt ltlink namegt
• Things of note
• Directories are files
• Devices are files

7
Getting Comfy

• cd
• ls
• mv
• rm
• Mkdir
• shell choice
• Customization, automation
• Alias, environment variables
• GUI-based Nautilus

8
Networking

• ssh, scp, rsh, rexec, rcp
• eth system
• /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
• /sbin/ifup,down
• /sbin/service network start,restart,stop
• Network rigging

9
Development

• Editor
• (x)emacs
• (g)vi(m)
• gedit
• Build Tools
• gcc
• --libs
• --cflags
• Make (its not scary, I promise)
• pkg-config
• IDE?
• Eclipse
• Anjuta

10
Program Administration

• Packages
• Strictly manual
• Tarballs
• Semi-automatic
• RPM
• AK-47
• Apt-get/Yub
• Services
• service
• chkconfig

11
System Administration

• Accounts
• Useradd
• chown, chgrp
• Multiple OS booting
• grub
• lilo
• Modprobe
• rc.local