University of Southern California WiSE Program Women in Science and Engineering DO BABIES MATTER

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University of Southern CaliforniaWiSE
ProgramWomen in Science and EngineeringDO
BABIES MATTER?

• Mary Ann Mason
• Dean of the Graduate Division
• University of California, Berkeley
• September 20, 2006
• Los Angeles CA

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Source NSF, Survey of Earned Doctorates, taken
from Webcaspar.
Source UCOP, Long Range Planning Presentation,
before the Board of Regents, September 2002
Do Babies Matter project funded by the Alfred P.
Sloan Foundation. Mary Ann Mason, UC Berkeley
Marc Goulden, UC Berkeley Nick Wolfinger,
University of Utah
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University of California, Berkeley (2002)
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Large San Francisco Law Firm
Women
Men
Shareholder Partners
Shareholder Partners
51
217
Part-time
14
2
Part-time
N1117
155
Associates
195
Associates
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Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)

• A national biennial longitudinal data set of PhD
  recipients post-degree employment experiences
  funded by the NSF and others, 1973 to present
  (NEH funded the Humanities, 1977-1995).
• Includes roughly a 10 sub-sample of PhD
  recipients drawn from the Survey of Earned
  Doctorates (SED) each year -- and individuals are
  resurveyed until they reach age 76, leave the
  country, or refuse to participate (over 160,000
  individuals have participated).
• Response data is weighted based on sampling
  design and re-weighted each survey cycle,
  based on attrition (e.g. gender, ethnicity) to
  reflect US PhD population.
• Starting in 1979 and 1981, respondents were asked
  about their marital status (1979) and the number
  of children (1981) living in their household
  (under 6, 6-18, etc.).
• Arguably the best employment dataset in the
  country.

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Heads and Necks of Science PhD Recipients
N2848
N3057
N13058
PhDs from 1978-1984 Who Are Working in Academia
12 to 14 Years Out from PhD
Source Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Sciences, 1979-1999. Note The use of NSF Data
does not imply the endorsement of research
methods or conclusions contained in this report.
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Heads and Necks of Humanities and Social Science
PhDs
N2973
N4155
N7452
PhDs from 1978-1984 Who Are Working in Academia
12 to 14 Years Out from PhD
Source Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Sciences
and Humanities, 1979-1995. Note The use of NSF
Data does not imply the endorsement of research
methods or conclusions contained in this report.
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9
The Pool Problem at UC Berkeley Ladder Rank
Faculty
Data prepared by Angelica Stacy, Associate Vice
Provost for Faculty Equity, UCB. Potential UCB
Applicant Pool is derived from NCES data on PhD
degrees granted in 2000, cut to a selected
group of top-ranked graduate institutions and cut
to relevant disciplinary fields for UCB.
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Major Findings Family ?Career

• Overall, men with early babiesare 38 more
  likely than women with early babies to achieve
  tenure.
• Women with early babies leave academia before
  obtaining their first tenure track job.
• Single mothers are more successful than married
  mothers.
• Women with late babies do as well as women
  without children.
• Having no babies at all is the dominant success
  mode for women.
• Men who have early babies do very well. In
  fact, they do better than all others, including
  single men and women.
• A high percentage of mothers slide into the
  second tier, the part-time, adjunct and lecturer
  corps the gypsy scholars of the university
  world.

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Family Status of Tenured Faculty, All Fields
Men
Women
N10,652
N32,234
PhDs from 1978-1984 Who Are Tenured 12 Years
out from PhD. Had a child in the household at
any point post PhD to 12 years out.
Source Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Sciences, 1979-1999, Humanities, 1979-1995 Note
The use of NSF Data does not imply the
endorsement of research methods or conclusions
contained in this report.
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Family Status of Tenured Faculty in the Sciences
Men
Women
N3109
N19,074
PhDs from 1978-1984 Who Are Tenured 12 Years
out from PhD in STEM Bio. Sciences. Had a
child in the household at any point post PhD to
12 years out.
Source Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Sciences, 1979-1999. Note The use of NSF Data
does not imply the endorsement of research
methods or conclusions contained in this report.
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Getting Divorced after the First SDR
For individuals who were married at first
post-PhD SDR survey. PhD recipients
1978-1992. Non-Tenure Track, Part Time, or Not
Working.
Source Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Sciences, 1979-1999, Humanities, 1979-1995. Note
The use of NSF Data does not imply the
endorsement of research methods or conclusions
contained in this report.
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Women Fast-Track Professionals with Babies in
the Household, by Age of Professional
Children, Ages 0 or 1 in Household.
Source Census 2000, Pums 5 sample.
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Major Findings Career ?Family

• Only one in three women without children who
  takes a fast-track university job ever become
  mothers.
• Women who achieve tenure are far more likely than
  men who achieve tenure to be single 12 years out
  from the PhD more than twice as likely.
• If married, women are significantly more likely
  than men to experience divorce or separation.
• Women faculty were more than twice as likely as
  men faculty to indicate they wished they could
  have had more children a full 38 of women said
  so in comparison to 18 of men.

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UC Work and Family Survey History and Response
Rates

• The survey was designed to assess the
  effectiveness of UCs existing family friendly
  policies for ladder-rank faculty (implemented in
  July 1988). It was first conducted at UC
  Berkeley, Fall 2002, and was rolled-out in
  Spring-Summer 2003 to the other UC universities
  (except UCM), with President Atkinson serving as
  the first contact email signatory.

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Everybody is Very Busy (UC Faculty, All Fields)
N670 1813
670
1146
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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Everybody is Very Busy (UC Faculty in the
Sciences)
N168 883
118
524
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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Univ. of California Faculty's Average Hours Per
Week Providing Care, by Gender, Children, and Age
at Survey
Women w. Children, N671 Men w. Children, N1796
Women w/o Children, N485 Men w/o Children, N1108
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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UC Faculty Parents Experience Work-Family Conflict
N1413 594
1169 507
1696 643
785 571
1741 663
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
Please note these questions were based on Robert
Dragos Mapping Project Survey Instrument
(http//lsir.la.psu.edu/workfam/facultysurvey.htm)
.
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Career Duties That Place Stress on Parenting
N1779 647
1778 658
1777 664
1788 662
1150 457
Percent of UC Faculty Experiencing a Great Deal
of Stress in Parenting as a Result of Specific
Career Duty (Not Applicable Excluded, Some,
A little, and None Are Grouped)
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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The Baby Lag for UC Women Faculty in Pursuit of
Tenure, All Fields
Hire Date
Hire Date
Years Before Hire Date
Years After Hire Date
N2339 Men 982 Women
Year 0 represents Assistant Professor Hire Date
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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The Baby Lag for UC Women Faculty in Pursuit of
Tenure in the Sciences
Hire Date
Hire Date
Years Before Hire Date
Years After Hire Date
Includes STEM Bio. Science.
N1164 Men 265 Women
Year 0 represents Assistant Professor Hire Date
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
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Familial Loss for UC Ladder-Rank Faculty
N 967 2516
830 2129
Not Applicable has been excluded and No,
Partially Accurate, and Not Sure have been
grouped.
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
Please note these questions were based on
Robert Dragos Mapping Project Survey Instrument
(http//lsir.la.psu.edu/workfam/facultysurvey.htm)
.
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Existing Family Friendly Policies for Ladder-Rank
Faculty

• Active Service-Modified Duties (ASMD)
  Ladder-rank faculty who have substantial
  responsibility for the care of a newborn or a
  newly placed child under age five (placed for
  adoption or foster care) may upon request be
  granted a temporary relief from duties (normally
  partial or full relief from teaching for one
  semester or quarter).
• Tenure-Clock Stoppage Tenure-track faculty who
  have substantial responsibility for the care of a
  newborn or a newly placed child under age five
  may request a year stoppage of the tenure clock
  (capped at a total of 2 years).
• Paid Leave Childbearing leave is granted on
  request to an academic appointee, before, during,
  and after she gives birth to a child. Academic
  Senate members on childbearing leave may receive
  base pay for up to six weeks. Those who need
  additional leave for medical circumstances may
  request it.
• Unpaid Leave The Chancellor may also grant
  academic appointees up to one year of unpaid
  parental leave to care for their own child, their
  spouses child, or the child of their domestic
  partner. If this unpaid leave is combined with
  childbearing leave, family and medical leave or a
  period of Active Service-Modified Duties, the
  total period may not normally exceed one year for
  each birth or adoption.

All of these policies were first instituted by
UC Office of the President in July,1988, with
subsequent modifications.
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Major Reasons Eligible UC Parents Did Not Use ASMD
N497 96
454 119
592 160
460 132
Source Mason, Mary Ann, Angelica Stacy, and Marc
Goulden. 2003. The UC Faculty Work and Family
Survey. (http//ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu).
Please note these questions were based on Robert
Dragos Mapping Project Survey Instrument
(http//lsir.la.psu.edu/workfam/facultysurvey.htm)
.
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Elements of a Family Friendly Package for UCB
Ladder-Rank Faculty Existing and Proposed

• Active Service-Modified Duties (ASMD) Provides
  teaching relief for parents with substantial
  caregiving responsibilities for a newborn or new
  adoptee. Currently, ASMD is for one
  semester/quarter but is slated to be extended to
  two semesters/quarters for birth mothers and
  funded centrally to defray the cost to
  departments (an entitlement).
• Tenure-Clock Stoppage Adds one year extension
  to the tenure clock for tenure-track faculty
  parents with substantial caregiving
  responsibilities for a newborn or new adoptee
  (one year per birth/adoption event with a
  two-year cap an entitlement).
• Flexible Part-time Option Allows tenure-track
  faculty, pre- and post-tenure, to go from full
  time to part time as their life course needs
  arise (i.e. caregiving responsibilities).
  Encourages departments to take into account
  part-time status in advancement decisions (under
  review).
• Work/Life Committees, Manager, Faculty Equity
  Office Supports the use of family friendly
  policies, resources and benefits.
• Faculty Recruitment Brochure, Work-Life Websites,
  and Materials for Chairs Publicizes the
  existence of family friendly policies, resources
  and benefits, and promotes their use.
• Family Friendly Scheduling Encourages
  departments to schedule meetings during standard
  business hours.
  
• (continued)

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Elements of a Family Friendly Package for UCB
Ladder-Rank Faculty Existing and Proposed
(continued)

• Relocation Services Assists faculty recruits
  with issues of spousal/partner employment,
  schools, housing, and other geographical
  relocation issues.
• University Sponsored Infant and Child Care
  Increases the availability of high quality infant
  and child care for faculty through identification
  of new funding mechanisms.
• Emergency Back-up Childcare Provides emergency
  childcare services (vendored) to faculty.
• Discount resume gaps Encourages hiring
  committees to discount familial-related gaps in
  resumes.
• Re-Entry Postdoctoral Fellowships Provides
  postdocs to promising academics who have taken
  time off for family-related reasons.
• Adoption Benefits Offers a benefit to help
  faculty pay for adoption-related expenses.
• Tuition Reimbursement Provides reimbursement of
  tuition expenses for immediate family members of
  UCB faculty.
• Reimbursement of Travel-Related Caregiving
  Expenses Provides faculty with reimbursement
  for caregiving costs incurred because of
  professional travel.
• Elder/Adult Dependent Care Counselor Funds a
  counselor to assist faculty who have caregiving
  responsibilities for a dependent adult.
• For more info., see ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu

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Family Friendly Policies Start with Graduate
Students UC Berkeley

• Financial Aid The Graduate Division funds the
  Graduate Student Parent Grant, averaging 6,000
  per year, which can be utilized toward housing,
  dependent health insurance, child care, and/or
  fee and tuition costs.
• Student Parent Center (SPC) SPC provides
  information, child care referrals, problem
  solving, and advocacy for the needs of student
  parents.
• Child Care The Universitys Early Childhood
  Education Program (ECEP) offers space for about
  135 children (ages 3 months to 7 years) of
  student parents.
• Family Student Housing About 1,000 units of
  family housing are available for student families
  (undergraduate and graduate).
• Graduate Council Student Parent Policies Upon
  demonstration of a student parents need due to
  childbirth, a childs serious illness, or other
  child-related exceptional circumstance,
  departments may grant extensions for passage of
  preliminary and/or qualifying exams. Student
  parents who have been advanced to candidacy may
  also receive a one-year extension of normative
  time-to-degree completion.
• Other Health Insurance Counseling
  Breastfeeding Support Program (University Health
  Services) The Albany Childrens Center at
  University Village Family Resource Center at
  University Village Berkeley Parents Network
  (list-serve/website for parents).

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ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu