World War I

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World War I
2
Overview

• Causes of World War I
• The rise of European Nationalism
• The rise of German and Austria-Hungary
  Nationalism and Unity
  
• European Alliances that triggered the war
• The inevitability of War

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Contents

• German Unification
• Destructive Nationalism
• Alliances that led to War
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Start of War
• Western Front
• Eastern Front
• America Joins War
• Wars End and Impact
• Review Activities

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German NationalismConstructive Nationalism
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck

• Otto von Bismarck
• Prime minister of Prussia from 1862-1890
• Germany was at the time a confederate of small
  principalities constantly struggling for
  territory with each other
  
• Bismarck called for the German people to unite
  under Prussian rule.
  
• In his first speech as Minister-President, he
  had referred to the issue of German unification
  in a now famous remark "the great questions of
  the day will not be decided by speeches and the
  resolutions of majorities that was the great
  mistake from 1848 to 1849 but by iron and
  blood." This was later changed to the now famous
  "blood and iron"
• He used the French and the Austrians as
  scapegoats
  
• He succeeded in taking territories from Denmark
• He pushed the German war machine into constant
  readiness and made sure that every soldier was
  well-trained and well drilled.
  
• After wars against Austria, Denmark, and France
  he succeeded in taking most German speaking areas
  under the control of Prussia and unifying Germany

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Timeline
http//theplaz.com/wiki/images/German_Overview_Tim
eline.xls
6
MAP
http//www.rootsweb.com/wggerman/map/images/germa
nconf1815.jpg
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Austria-HungaryDestructive Nationalism

• Austria-Hungary had a stake in the South-east
  area of Europe known as the Balkans.
  
• The powder keg of Europe
• Two other major powers had a stake in the area,
  the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.
  
• Nationalistic tendencies provided the pan-Slavic
  movement.
  
• A movement that the slavic speaking countries in
  the area gain their independence from the large
  empires and form a nation.

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European Alliances that triggered the war
Alliance of world war I
List of the Alliances that forced the
inevitability of war
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Imperialism
http//www.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us/bsilva/projects/g
reat_war/causes.htm

• Another factor which contributed to the increase
  in rivalry in Europe was imperialism. Great
  Britain, Germany and France needed foreign
  markets after the increase in manufacturing
  caused by the Industrial Revolution.
• These countries competed for economic expansion
  in Africa. Although Britain and France resolved
  their differences in Africa, several crises
  foreshadowing the war involved the clash of
  Germany against Britain and France in North
  Africa..

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Militarism
http//www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/causes.htm

• Militarism means that the army and military
  forces are given a high profile by the
  government. The growing European divide had led
  to an arms race between the main countries.
• The armies of both France and Germany had more
  than doubled between 1870 and 1914
  
• There was fierce competition between Britain and
  Germany for mastery of the seas. The British had
  introduced the 'Dreadnought', an effective
  battleship, in 1906. The Germans soon followed
  suit introducing their own battleships.

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Kaiser Wilhelm II
http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilh
elm_kaiser_ii.shtml
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWkaiser.htm

• In 1888 Wilhelm II became the 9th King of Prussia
  and the 3rd Emperor of Germany. Two years later
  he quarrelled and dismissed the German
  Chancellor, Otto Bismark. For the next few years
  Wilhelm, who loathed parliamentary democracy,
  acted as an autocratic monarch.
• Wilhelm encouraged the Austrians to adopt an
  uncompromising line against Serbia. He appeared
  not to realisze the chain reaction this would
  trigger, bringing Russia and her allies France
  and Britain to war against Germany and Austria.
  Wilhelm tried to scale back the mobilization of
  Germany's armed forces but was prevented by the
  Germany military. While theoretically supreme
  commander, Wilhelm found himself excluded from
  military decisions, but crippled chances of a
  compromise peace by encouraging the grandiose war
  aims of certain generals and politicians.

Link to Review Quiz
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Immediate Causes
http//www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1914.htm
l

• June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
  Austria assassinated
  
• July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H blank check
• pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war
  against Russia
  
• July 23, 1914 Austria issues Serbia an ultimatum

• July 28, 1914 A-H declares war on Serbia
• July 29, 1914 Russia orders full mobilization of
  its troops
  
• August 1,1914 Germany declares war on Russia
• August 2, 1914 Germany demands Belgium declare
  access to German troops
  

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(No Transcript)
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Global Conflict
www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/ww1.pp
t

• King Albert I of Belgium denied permission
• Belgium is a country, not a road
• August 2, 1914 Germany declared war on France
• Why???
• The Schlieffen Plan!
• August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on
  Germany for violating Belgian neutrality
  

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The Schlieffen Plans Destructive Nature
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The Schlieffen Plan
www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/ww1.pp
t

• Germany made vast encircling movement through
  Belgium to enter Paris
  
• Underestimated speed of the British mobilization
• Quickly sent troops to France

• Sept 6-10, 1914
• Battle of Marne
• Stopped the Germans but French troops were
  exhausted
  
• Both sides dug trenches for shelter
• STALEMATE

Timeline and Trench Warfare
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The Schlieffen Plan
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Trench Warfare
http//www.globalgayz.com/AmmonJohnGallery/images/
39BlackUStroops.jpg
http//www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/ndi0792l.jpg
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Trench Warfare
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtrenchsyst
em.JPG
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Eastern Front
www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/ww1.pp
t

• Russian army moved into Eastern Germany on August
  30, 1914
  
• Defeated
• The Austrians kicked out of Serbia
• Italians attacked Austria in 1915
• G. came to Austrian aid and pushed Russians back
  300 miles into own territory
  

• Much more mobile more than the West
• But loss of life still very high
• 1915 2.5 million Russians killed, captured, or
  wounded
  
• Germany and Austria Hungary joined by Bulgaria in
  Sept. 1915
  
• Attacked and eliminated Serbia from war
• 1917 Russia surrenders (a separate peace)

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German U-Boat Aggression in the Atlantic
http//www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1916.htm
l

• Feb. 4 1915 Germany declares a submarine blockade
  of Great Britain. Any ship approaching England is
  considered a legitimate target.
  
• May 7 1915 U-boat sinks Lusitania which causes
  several American casualties
  
• Aug. 30 1915 Germany responds to U.S. anger by
  ceasing to sink ships without warning.
  
• April 19 1916 US President Wilson publicly warns
  Germany not to continue unrestricted submarine
  warfare policies
  
• November 7 1916 Woodrow Wilson re-elected
  President of the United States with campaign
  slogan "He kept us out of the war
  
• February 1 1917 Germany again declares
  unrestricted submarine warfare.
  
• April 6 1917 Wilson asks congress for an edict of
  war against Germany
  
• July 3 First American troops arrive in France on
  the side of the allies

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War Ends

• Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice

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Treaty of Versailles
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles
.htm

• (8) demilitarization and a fifteen-year
  occupation of the Rhineland (9) German
  reparations of 6,600 million (10) a ban on
  the union of Germany and Austria (11) an
  acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war
  (11) provision for the trial of the former
  Kaiser and other war leaders (12) limitation
  of Germany's army to 100,000 men with no
  conscription, no tanks, no heavy artillery, no
  poison-gas supplies, no aircraft and no airships
  (13) the limitation of the German Navy to
  vessels under 100,000 tons, with no submarines

• (1) the surrender of all German colonies as
  League of Nations mandates (2) the return of
  Alsace-Lorraine to France (3) cession of
  Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the
  Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia, (4)
  Poznania, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia
  to Poland(5) Danzig to become a free city
  (6) plebiscites to be held in northern
  Schleswig to settle the Danish-German frontier
  (7) occupation and special status for the Saar
  under French control

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Impact
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles
.htm
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Impact
www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/ww1.pp
t
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Social Impact
www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/ww1.pp
t

• Men lost limbs and were mutilated
• Birthrate fell markedly
• Invalids unable to work
• Ethnic hostility
• Influenza epidemic

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