NANOTECHNOLOGY

1
Nanotechnology
NANOTECHNOLOGY
2
Nanotechnology

• In 1986 K . Arik . Drecksler gave true definition
  of nanotechnology in his book Engines of
  creation.
• Greek word nano means small. 1nm is
  1,000,000,000th part of 1 meter.
• Nanotechnology includes many technology and
  sciences like physics,biology,chemistry,mechanical
  engineering and electronic engineering .

3
Things in nanotechnology

• We will think the size of any thing on nano
  level.Well start from a hair of human being.
  Its diameter is 75000 nm.
• Size of some things
• E. Coli bacteria 2000nm
• Integrated sircit transistor 90nm
• Virus 50nm
• DNA atom 2nm
• Hydrogen atom 0.1nm
• Capacity of vision of human being 10000nm

4

• We saw that capacity of vision human being is
  only 10000nm. So we cant see smaller things than
  10000nm. So to see this things scanning tunneling
  microscope (STM) and atomic force
  microscope (AFM) were discovered. The scientist
  of IBM research institute Jurn Bining and
  Henric Ror discovered STM . With the help of STM
  scientists and engineers can see the structure of
  atoms and produce new elements by
  rearrangement.So new nanostructure can be
  produced.

5
Nanotechnology has its own rules

• In nanomaterial the surface is bigger than
  nanomaterials size. So the properties of
  sticking and friction are seen in nanomaterials .

6
Carbon

• Atoms of carbon are found in all things of
  nature.This atoms have many properties.E.g.
  Diamond is the hardest element found in nature .
• There are main three reasons of difference in
  properties of carbon .
• One carbon can be joined by covalent bonds with
  different atoms.
• Each carbon can be joined by covalent bonds with
  four atoms.
• No another atom can make bonds very strong and
  different like carbon.
• When carbon atoms are joined in short chain they
  show properties of gas, when in long they make
  plastic.

7
Bucky Balls

• In 1985 Robert.F.Curle, Richard.E.Smalle and
  Herold.W.Croto found Bucky Balls.It has 60
  carbons in football shape . This name is in
  remembering great American Buckminster fuller who
  made Geodesic Dome. In bucky ball each carbon
  is joined with 3 carbons. Its diameter is 1nm.

8
Properties of carbon nanotube

• Thermal conductivity of nanotube is 10 times of
  silver.The reason for thermal conductivity is the
  vibration of covalent bonds including carbon
  atoms.Because of the hardness of tube vibration
  passes speedy through the atoms. Chemical joints
  between atoms are elastically like spring.

• Nanotubes tensile strength is 100 X steels
  tensile strength.

9
Carbon Nanotube

• When the chains of bucky balls are extended it is
  called carbon nanotube.
• When the joints between the bucky balls chain
  are removed nanotube we get .

• There are two types of carbon nanotube
• Single wald nanotube (SWNT)
• Multi wald nanotube (MWNT)

10
The progress of human in future

1. In the form of nanoparticles medicines will be
   more effective .
2. Nanoparticles have a good capacity to bare
   colours. So itll be a good progress in printing.
3. There will be progress in laser and magnetic disk
   head .
4. Nano food will be parallel to organic food .

11
Health protection

• Diagnostics
• Instruments will be cheaper and better .
• 1 with the help of RBC , the information of
  dieses in future we will get in that present time
  .
• 2noval drugs
• In human body it will be provided in fix area .
• nanoshells which are of 100nm diameter, sticks
  with only cells of cancer . so cancer tumor will
  be removed by lasers .

12
Safety

• Better and lighter products
• The products that are very stronger and harder
  than steel will be produced .

• More capable and smaller computers will be found
  that can note date and time very surely . E .g .
  Quantum cryptography
• The stronger chemical sensors will formed which
  can find out a fix atom from millions of atoms .

13
New sources

• Energy
• Nanocrystals can change electricity in light .
  Itll stop the waste of energy caused by heat .
  Hydrogen fuel cells will be cheaper and more
  capable .Engines of cars will be more capable,
  cheaper and lighter . So fuel will be saved .

• Purity of water
• Itll be revolution in technology of purring
  the water .Problems of pure water will be solved
  in third world .

14
Importance of nanotechnology

• In the properties of products like electronic,
  thermal, mechanical, optical, chemical itll be a
  big change .
• Areas of nanotechnology in future
• 1. Nanotyubes
  3.Nanofabrication
• 2. Nanomaterial 4. Nanocomposite

15
Progress in future

• GPS will be smaller and cheaper.
• Very fast and small computers will made .
• There will be longtime batteries mobiles.
• DNA finger printing will be sure and speedy .
• New and more effective diagnosis system will be
  formed .
• New sunscreens will found that will protect skin
  immediately .
• Transformation of information will very speedy .

16
Nanotechnology in future

• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology
• Information technology
• Robotics
• Lasers
• Teleportation
• X-Rays

17
Thank you