Theories of Development

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Theories of Development

• IPT 301

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First grade map
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Third grade map
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Sixth grade map
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Compare Discuss
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Jean Piaget

• Cognitive Constructivism
• What might this mean?
• What are some of Piagets assumptions?
• According to Piaget, is learning more individual
  or social?
• What are schemes and what role do they play in
  learning?

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Process of Equilibration
Disequilibrium
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibrium
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Piagets Stages of Development

• Sensorimotor (0-2)
• Preoperational (2-7)
• Concrete Operational (7-11)
• Formal Operational (12)

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Current Thought

• Criticisms?
• How do we implement Piaget in the classroom?
• focus on process, allow students to make
  connections
• active involvement, use of manipulatives
• awareness of individual differences
• awareness of schemes, assim/accom

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Piaget Presentation
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Lev Vygotsky

• Social Constructivism
• What does this mean?
• What are some of Piagets assumptions?
• How does Vygotskys theory differ from Piagets?

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The role of society

• Socio-cultural learning
• Guided Participation
• Apprenticeship
• Peer interaction

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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Next Level Of Development
Zone of Proximal Development
Current Level Of Development
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How do we know?

• How do we know where a childs ZPD is?
• Tasks they can do with assistance
• Worksheet

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Scaffolding

• What kinds of scaffolding do parents use to help
  children develop new skills?
• What kinds of scaffolding can we provide in the
  classroom?

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Implementation

• How do we implement Vygotsky in the classroom?
• Mixed-ability grouping
• Challenging tasks
• Questioning, discussion
• Self-instructions

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Vygotsky Presentation
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Eriksons Psychosocial Crises

• Uhwhat?

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Eriksons Stages

• Trust v. Mistrust (infancy)
• Autonomy v. Doubt (toddler)
• Initiative v. Guilt (preschool)
• Industry v. Inferiority (elementary)
• Identity v. Role confusion (adolescence)
• Intimacy v. Isolation (young adulthood)
• Generativity v. Stagnation (middle age)
• Integrity v. Despair (retirement)

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Show me!
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Implications

• School plays a central role
• Allow freedom, encourage experimentation
• Emphasize strengths
• Support effort

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Kohlbergs Moral Development

• Developing moral reasoning
• Moral dilemmas cause disequilibrium

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Kohlbergs Stages

• Preconventional
• Punishment-avoidance and obedience
• Exchange of favors
• Conventional
• Good boy/good girl
• Law and order
• Postconventional
• Social contract
• Universal ethical principle

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How can we identify?

• Class discussions
• Look for motivations
• Practice CD exercise

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Implications

• Weave discussions of justice and moral issues
  into lessons, particularly classroom events
• Foster greater awareness of own and others
  feelings, social responsibilities, and ethical
  choices
• Provide a framework of expected behavior
• Discuss, What if?,
• Allow cooperative groups to create their own rules

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Assignments

• Extra credit opportunity
• Read Ch. 9 (pg. 298-328)
• Read Ch. 4 (pg. 102-118)
• Reading Quiz 2
• Presentations
• Skinner
• Gardner