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The 1920

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The 1920 s Boom to Bust I. Moral Change Progress vs. Tradition A. Cities-Held more people & more opportunity. Also held alcohol, gambling, & clubs. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The 1920


1
The 1920sBoom to Bust
2
I. Moral Change
  • Progress vs. Tradition
  • A. Cities-Held more people more
    opportunity.
  • Also held alcohol, gambling, clubs.
  • B. Scopes Trial
  • John T. Scopes was tried for teaching
    evolution in a high school classroom. He
    was found guilty and fined, but the decision
    was set aside because of a technicality.

Clarence Darrow defending John Scopes
Clarence Darrow and William J. Bryan
3
I. Moral Change
  • C. Prohibition-the "Noble Experiment"
  • 18th Amendment, January, 1920-prohibited sale,
    manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic
    beverages. Results
  • 1. Drunkenness declined.
  • 2. Speakeasies operated.
  • 3. Bootlegging smuggling flourished.
  • 4. Organized crime controlled many public
    officials.
  • 5. 1933-21st Amendment repealed 18th.

4
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5
II. Women Blacks Experience Change
  • A. 19th Amendment-Ratified in 1920, gave women
    the right to vote. Women had worked in many
    different jobs during WWI, so it was a
    natural step.
  • B. Flappers-wore shorter hair and shorter
    skirts. Women became interested in politics
    and social issues.
  • Jeannette Rankin-1st woman elected to the
    House of Representatives, she opposed World
    War I and World War II.

6
II. Women Blacks Experience Change
  • C. Black Americans Migrate Northward- Blacks
    went to Northern cities such as New York and
    Chicago for work. They faced prejudice from
    white workers who were afraid they would lose
    jobs.

7
II. Women Blacks Experience Change
  • D. Black Leaders
  • W.E.B. DuBois-wanted blacks to strive for
    higher education in industrial America.
  • Marcus Garvey-
  • "Back to Africa"-encouraged blacks to
    return to Africa.
  • "Black is Beautiful"-encouraged blacks to
    be proud and not imitate whites.

8
II. Women Blacks Experience Change
  • D. Black Leaders
  • Niagra Movement led to the founding of the
    NAACP.
  • NAACP-National Association for the
    Advancement of Colored People- founded by
    DuBois, Ida Wells-Barnett and others, it helped
    to bring attention to lynching and other
    social injustices.

9
II. Women Blacks Experience Change
  • E. Harlem Renaissance
  • Rise in art, literature, music, drama, and dance
    from black Americans.
  • Langston Hughes-poet
  • Louis Armstrong-musician
  • Duke Ellington-musician

10
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • A. Idols
  • 1. Charles Lindbergh-flew solo across the
    Atlantic
  • 2. Babe Ruth-baseball player for the New York
    Yankees, Lou Gehrig-The Iron Horse

11
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • A. Idols
  • 3. Red Grange-college football player at the
    University of Illinois
  • 4. Jack Dempsey-boxer
  • 5. Charlie Chaplin-
  • actor/comedian

12
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • B. Writers
  • 1. F. Scott Fitzgerald-This Side of Paradise
    and The Great Gatsby- about our material society.
  • 2. Sinclair Lewis-criticized American
    materialism
  • 3. Ernest Hemingway-A Farewell to
    Arms-expressed disgust over the glorification of
    war.

13
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • C. Serious Social Problems
  • 1. Communism-Americans feared a communist
    movement in the United States.
  • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
    raided the offices of anarchists, socialists,
    communists, arresting hundreds of
    individuals.

14
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • C. Serious Social Problems
  • 2. KKK-as a result of new successes by blacks
    and immigrants, the Klan became much more
    active in the 1920's. The group even marched
    on Washington D.C.

15
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • C. Serious Social Problems
  • 3. Workers strike Steelworkers began a
    strike in Sept. 1919 demanding shorter
    hours and better conditions.
  • Coal miners walked out in Nov. 1919 and
    President Wilson had to help mediate the
    dispute.

16
III. Popular Culture Changes
  • C. Serious Social Problems
  • 4. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial-Italian
    immigrants who evaded the draft in WWI and
    were considered "anarchists."
    They were found guilty of robbery and
    murder. Even though the evidence
    was not clear, they were both
    executed.

17
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • American foreign policy was that of
    isolationism, the belief that the U.S. should set
    itself apart from the affairs of others.
  • We continue this tradition until World War II
    forces us to become involved all over the world.

18
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • A. Warren G. Harding won the Election of 1920.
    He promised a "return to normalcy" and he
    rejected the League of Nations.
  • 1. Peace-Harding convinced 5 major nations to
    reduce arms after WWI. Several nations also
    aligned to preserve peace in Asia.

19
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • A. Warren G. Harding
  • 2. Reparations-Serious debts existed for
    France and Great Britain after WWI. The U.S.
    refused to lower tariffs on goods from these
    countries to help them out. The U.S. loaned
    money to Germany, who used these loans to help
    pay reparations to France and Great Britain,
    who in turn paid debts to the United States.

20
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • A. Warren G. Harding
  • 3. Nativists-Congress introduced a quota
    system, giving each European nation a limit of
    immigrants that it could have in the United
    States. Also, in 1924, Japanese immigrants were
    "ineligible" for citizenship.

21
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • A. Warren G. Harding
  • 4. Scandals
  • Several of Harding's advisors had taken bribes
    and illegal kickbacks from businesses.
  • Teapot Dome Scandal-Naval oil reserves were
    leased to private companies by the Secretary
    of the Interior, who became very rich in
    the deal. President Harding died soon
    after this scandal.

22
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • B. Calvin Coolidge
  • 1. Prosperity-Coolidge supported businesses
    by keeping taxes low and profits high. Sec.
    of the Treasury Andrew Mellon continued to
    expand profits for businesses.
  • Advances Electricity became common, Chevrolet
    became a competitor to Ford, retailers
    introduced credit installment plans, and
    advertisers made Americans desire products
    more than ever.

23
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • B. Calvin Coolidge
  • 1. Prosperity-Coolidge supported businesses by
    keeping taxes low and profits high. Sec. of the
    Treasury Andrew Mellon continued to expand
    profits for businesses.
  • Advances Electricity became common, Chevrolet
    became a competitor to Ford, retailers
    introduced credit installment plans, and
    advertisers made Americans desire products
    more than ever.

24
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • B. Calvin Coolidge
  • 1. Prosperity-Coolidge supported businesses by
    keeping taxes low and profits high. Sec. of the
    Treasury Andrew Mellon continued to expand
    profits for businesses.
  • Advances Electricity became common, Chevrolet
    became a competitor to Ford, retailers
    introduced credit installment plans, and
    advertisers made Americans desire products
    more than ever.

25
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • B. Calvin Coolidge
  • 2. Slipping Economy
  • Railroads-faced government regulation and
    competition from new transportation.
  • Textiles-foreign textiles were cheaper than
    American.
  • Coal Mining-other energy sources cut the
    need for coal.

26
IV. Harding and Coolidge
  • B. Calvin Coolidge
  • 2. Slipping Economy
  • Farmers-had increased production during
    WWI, borrowing money to expand. When the
    demand for agricultural products declined,
    farmers had no way to repay debts.
    Coolidge vetoed several attempts to set up
    price supports for farmers.

27
V. Stock Market Crash-October 1929
  • A. Election of 1928-Coolidge chose not to run.
    Herbert Hoover is elected.
  • A former Secretary of Commerce, he had never run
    for office before. He immediately began to
    improve relations in Latin America,
    recalling Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua.

28
V. Stock Market Crash-October 1929
  • B. Signs of Economic Slowdown
  • Construction declined, lack of consumer buying,
    production declined, prices fell, crops demands
    were low. All of these factors meant that
    prosperity was slowly ending.

29
V. Stock Market Crash-October 1929
  • C. The Crash
  • Stock prices had been on the rise for over a
    year. Millions of dollars were made as
    speculators bought low and sold high.
  • Buying on the margin (paying only a of the
    stock's cost, then paying it back when the price
    rose) became common.

30
V. Stock Market Crash-October 1929
  • C. The Crash
  • October 24-13 million shares sold, causing prices
    to fall.
  • October 29-Black Thursday-Bottom fell out of the
    market. Investors tried to sell off everything
    before prices fell too far. 16 million shares
    were sold and millions more could not find
    buyers. By mid November, 30 billion in wealth
    had disappeared.
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