STATES OF MATTER

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STATES OF MATTER
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There are FOUR STATES (or phases) of MATTER

• SOLID
• LIQUID
• GAS
• PLASMA

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SOLID

• ANYTHING WITH DEFINITE VOLUME AND SHAPE
• (Do NOT draw this picture in the box on your
  paper. The diagrams for the boxes will be given
  in slides 7 8!)

4
LIQUID

• ANYTHING WITH DEFINITE VOLUME BUT NOT DEFINITE
  SHAPE

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GAS

• ANYTHING WITH NO DEFINITE VOLUME OR SHAPE

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PLASMA

• VERY HIGH ENERGY STATE OF MATTER
• THE CENTER OF OUR SUN IS IN THE PLASMA STATE

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The particles of a solid have an orderly in-place
arrangement, closely spaced together.

• This is why they have a definite shape!
• Click here to see the particle model of a solid.
  Particle model Solid

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The particles of a liquid are close together, but
free to move about.

• This is why liquids do not keep a definite shape!
• Click here to see this model
• Particle Model liquid

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Gases have particles that move freely in all
directions. They are very far apart.

• Gases will leave the container if there is no
  lid!
• That is why they have no
• definite shape or volume.

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How would you draw the particlearrangement for a
gas?

• Try it yourself first, then click here to see if
  you are correct!
• Particle Model gas

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Another Animation!

• Click on this link to see another animation of
  the particle arrangement for each state of
  matter. Also note which changes require energy
  (heat) to be added and which occur when cooled
  (energy removed). This will be covered in more
  detail in the next few slides.
• States of Matter

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DID YOU KNOW????

• A substance undergoing a change in state will NOT
  change in temperature!
• Ice that is melting will remain at 0 ºC unit ALL
  of it has melted!
• Water that is boiling will not go above
• 100 ºC!
• So next time you hard boil some eggs..

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• SAVE SOME ENERGY!
• Gently simmering water is as hot as water that is
  rapidly boiling!

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The reason

• Changes in temperature require energy to enter or
  leave a substance
• Changes in state also require energy to enter or
  leave a substance
• During a change in state, the energy that goes in
  or out is causing the change in state, so it does
  not change the temperature!

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If you graphed the temperature as energy is
removed from a solid

• Notice that the flat areas are the changes in
  state!

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If you graphed the temperature as energy is added
to a solid

• Notice that the flat areas are the changes in
  state!

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Energy changes

• Are classified as endothermic or exothermic.

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Endothermic changes in stateThese REQUIRE
energy input.

• Melting solid becomes liquid
• Evaporation liquid becomes gas
• Sublimation solid becomes gas

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Exothermic changes in stateEnergy is removed to
make these happen.

• Freezing liquid to solid
• Condensation gas to liquid
• Deposition gas to solid

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Some more animations

• The following links are additional animations to
  review the particle model for states of matter.
• Phases of matter at the molecular level
• states quicktime movie

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Now check your understanding!

• Try this game to see what you have learned!
• Quia - Science SOL 5.4 States of Matter
  Millionaire Game