PHOME

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PHOME PHOtonic MEtamaterials
FORTH, Crete, Greece Univ. of Karlsruhe,
Karlsruhe, Germany Bilkent University, Ankara,
Turkey Imperial College, London, England
1st Review Meeting August 31, 2009 London, UK
FET-Open project FP7-213390
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PHOME 1st review meeting Imperial College,
London, UK August 31, 2009
900 - 930 Overview by coordinator,
Soukoulis 930 - 945 Discussion 945 -
1015 Activities in WP1 (Modeling)
Kafesaki/Soukoulis 1015 - 1030
Discussion 1030 - 1045 Activities in WP1
(Theory) Aubry/Pendry 1045 - 1115 Activities
in WP2 WP3 (Fabrication Characterization)
Rill/Wegener 1115 - 1130 Discussion 1130
-1145 Activities in WP2 WP3 (Fabrication
Characterization) Ozbay 1145 -1200
Discussion 1200 -1230 Internal discussion of
Commission with reviewers 1230 -1245 Feedback
from the Commission 1245 Lunch
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Participants of the PHOME project
Theory C. M. Soukoulis, E. N. Economou Maria
Kafesaki, Th. Koschny Raluka Penciu, Nia-Hai Shen
Experiment N. Katsarakis, G. Deligiorgis T.
Gundoglou, G. Kenakakis G. Konstandinidis
Martin Wegener S. Linden, M. S. Rill M. Decker,
M. Ruther C. E. Kriegler, M. Thiel
Ekmel Ozbay M. Gokkavas K. Aydin, Z. Li I. Bulu,
B. Alici H. Caglay
J. Pendry A. Aubry
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In the PHOME project we have three scientific
work packages and two extra ones. WP1 (FORTH)
deals with the modeling and theory of photonic
metamaterials (PMMs) WP2 (Bilkent)
deals with the fabrication of photonic
metamaterials (GHz to THz) WP3
(Karlsruhe) deals with optical characterization
and testing of PMMs WP4 (Imperial) deals with
the dissemination of the PMMs results WP5
(FORTH) deals with the project management
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List and schedule of milestones
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Tasks and Deliverables for WP1 (Theory and
Modeling) Tasks T1.1. Design of 3d connected
PMMs and the extraction of the effective
parameters. T1.2. Software and method
development to model 3d chiral metallic
nanostructures. T1.3. Self-consistent
calculations of incorporating gain and
non-linearity in PMMs. Reduction of
losses. T1.4. Blueprints
for thin-film isolators, for electro-optic
modulators and optical switching. Deliverables D
3D1.1 (M12) Blueprints for bulk connected PMM
and chiral structures. D5D1.2 (M12) Report on
self-consistent semi-classical theory of gain and
non-linearity in PMMs. D9D1.3 (M24)
Blueprints of ICT relevant demonstrators such as
thin-film optical isolators, electro-optic
modulators and optical switching. D11D1.4 (M36)
Assessment of the existence of IR and optical
PMMs.
WP1 Leader FORTH
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Tasks and Deliverables for WP2 (Fabrication of
PMMs) Tasks T2.1. Application of
chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) apparatus for
metal coating of 3d templates from the
inside. T2.2. Conversion of theoretical
blueprints from WP1 into 3d polymer structures
that can actually be made via direct
laser writing and CVD coating. Test of the
designs also in larger structures,
operating at GHz range. T2.3. Optimization of
successive electron-beam lithography,
electron-beam evaporation, and
planarization processes specifically for the
novel materials and substrates involved T2.4.
Realization of metamaterial structures allowing
for electrical contacts (for
electro-optic modulation).
WP2 Leader Bilkent
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Deliverables for WP2 (Fabrication of
PMMs) Deliverables D4D2.1 (M12) Fabrication of
first bulk metallic magnetic metamaterials
operating at optical frequencies made by direct
laser writing (DLW) and metal chemical-vapor
deposition (CVD) or metal electrochemistry (EC).
Fabrication of structures operating at GHz and
THz. D8D2.2 (M24) Assessment of luminescent/gain
materials incorporated into photonic
metamaterials, enabling a decision whether loss
compensation at optical frequencies is possible.
If yes, the metamaterials can be used as optical
modulators (ICT relevant), and even
demonstrators of perfect lenses come in
reach. D9D2.3 (M24) Blueprints of ICT relevant
demonstrators such as thin-film optical
isolators, electro-optic modulators and optical
switching. D10D2.4 (M24) Report on bulk chiral
metamaterials made via successive electron-beam
lithography. D11D2.5 (M36) Assessment of the
existence of IR and optical PMMs D12D2.6 (M36)
Report on the fabrication issues and optical
characterization of bulk metamaterials made by
DLW and CVD/EC
WP2 Leader Bilkent
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Tasks and Deliverables for WP3 (Optical
characterization and testing)
Tasks T3.1. Optical characterization of all
PMMs made in WP2. T3.2. Linear optical
characterization of all PMMs made in WP2 and
parameter retrieval. T3.3. Experiments on
frequency conversion from tailored structures
designed in WP1 and fabricated in
WP2. T3.4. Luminescence experiments on emitters
embedded in or in the vicinity of PMMs under
low (modified spontaneous emission) and
high (gain) optical pumping.
WP3 Leader Karlsruhe
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Deliverables for WP3 (Optical characterization
and testing)
Deliverables D6D3.1 (M12) Characterization of
the first bulk metallic magnetic metamaterials
operating at optical frequencies made by direct
laser writing (DLW) and metal chemical-vapor
deposition (CVD) or metal electrochemistry
(EC). D8D3.2 (M24) Assessment of
luminescent/gain materials incorporated into
PMMs, enabling a decision whether loss
compensation at optical frequencies is possible.
If yes, the metamaterials can be used as optical
modulators (ICT relevant), and even demonstrators
of perfect lenses come in reach. D9D3.3 (M24)
Blueprints of ICT relevant demonstrators such as
thin-film optical isolators, electro-optic
modulators and optical switching. D10D3.4 (M24)
Report on bulk chiral metamaterials and their
optical properties, especially regarding
potential use as an optical isolator as an ICT
relevant device. D11D3.5 (M36) Assessment of
the existence of IR and optical PMMs D12D3.6
(M36) Report on the fabrication issues and
optical characterization of bulk metamaterials
made by DLW and CVD/EC
WP3 Leader Karlsruhe
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Tasks and Deliverables for WP4 (Dissemination of
project results) Tasks T4.1 Connection of the
PHOMEs research with the world-wide state of the
art T4.2 Dissemination of PHOME results
(publications, conferences, and workshops) T4.3
Contribution to portfolio and concentration
activities at FET-Open level Deliverables D01D4
.1 (M06) Web-page creation D13D4.2 (M36) Final
plan for dissemination and use of
foreground D15D4.3 (M36) Report on awareness and
wider societal implications D16D4.4 (M36)
Photonic Metamaterials sessions at an
international conference (FORTH abstracts
and proceedings submitted to EU)
WP4 Leader Imperial
Tasks and Deliverables for WP5 (Consortium
Management)
WP5 Leader FORTH
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Overall Program Objectives

• Design and realization of 3d photonic
  metamaterials.
• Design and fabrication of chiral photonic
  metamaterials.
• Realization of active optical materials with
  incorporation of gain and nonlinearity into
  photonic metamaterials.
• Understanding and reducing the losses in photonic
  metamaterials.
• Achievement of electro-optic modulation via
  photonic metamaterials

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• WP1 Theory and Simulations
• Development of modeling tools for transmission
  calculations and of an inversion procedure.
• Development of the retrieval procedure for chiral
  metamaterials (MMs).
• Find new designs for planar and non-planar chiral
  MMs that give nlt0.
• Adopted two different techniques to reduce Ohmic
  losses based on geometric tailoring of the
  individual magnetic constituents .
• Developed a 2d self-consistent method to treat
  active materials in dispersive media. Compensate
  losses with gain, if possible.
• Presented connected bulk negative index photonic
  MMs for direct laser writing.
• Able to mimic the quantum EIT in classical
  systems as coupled SRRs. Dispersive engineering,
  slow-light and low losses.
• Proposed an implementation of a lossless
  superlens consisting of two phase-conjugating
  sheets.

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• WP2 WP3 Fabrication and Measurements
• Fabrication of a photonic metamaterial via 3d
  direct laser writing (DLW). Only magnetic
  response is shown.
• Fabricate and demonstrate that a chirality
  induced negative index of refraction is possible
  at GHz frequencies.
• For the first time, we fabricate non-planar
  chiral MMs and demonstratethat give nlt0 and
  strongly optical activity. .
• Fabrication of pairs of twisted gold crosses at
  1.5 ?m with strong optical activity.
• Demonstration of a nonlinear photonic MM by
  adding a nonlinear material (GaAs) to a SRR
  array.
• First realization of 3d gold-helix photonic MM
  via DLW into a positive-tone photoresist and
  subsequent infilling with gold via
  electroplating.
• Fabricated and demonstrated MM-based enhanced
  transmission and generation of Bessel beam
  through sub-??apertures.

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• WP4 Dissemination
• 50 publications (published and submitted).
• 1 Science 1 Nat. Mat. 1 Nat. Phot. 9
  Opt. Express
• 3 Phys. Rev. Lett. 8 Phys. Rev. B 7
  Opt. Letters
• 40 invited conferences.
• 20 seminars at Universities and Institutions.
• Participation in the organization of conferences
  or sessions devoted in photonic metamaterials.
• PECS 8, Sydney, Australia, April 2009
• OSA Annual Meeting, Rochester, New York,
  October 2008.
• XXIV Panhellenic Conference of Solis
  State Physics, Heraklion, Crete, Sept. 2008
• 1st International Workshop on Theoretical
  and Computational Nanophotonics, Bad Honnef, Dec.
  2008
• Karlsruhes group discuss with industries about
  potential applications of Photonic MMs as
  optical isolators.

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Progress Highlights for PHOME

• First demonstration of a photonic metamaterial
  (MM) via 3d direct laser writing.
• (Nature Mater. 7, 543 (2008))
• Design, fabricated and characterized planar
  chiral MMs with n lt0 at GHz.
• (PRB 79, 035407 (2009) PRB 79, 121104(R)
  (2009) selected for a viewpoint in Physics 2, 3
  (2009))
• First fabrication of non-planar chiral MMs with
  n lt0 at GHz.
• (Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 151112 (2009))
• Self-consistent calculations of metamaterials
  with gain.
• (Phys. Rev. B. 79, 241104(R) (2009))
• Fabrication of twisted-cross photonic MM at 1.5
  ?m with strong optical activity.
• (Opt. Lett. 34, 2501 (2009))
• Development of the retrieval procedure for
  chiral metamaterials (MMs).
• (PRB 79, 035407 (2009))
• Dispersive engineering EIT, Slow-light
  structures and low losses.
• (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 053901 (2009))
• First realization of a three-dimensional
  gold-helix photonic metamaterials.
• (Science, 2009)
• Metamaterials based enhanced transmission
  through sub-wavelength apertures.
• (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 013904 (2009))
• Generation of Bessel-like beam from a
  sub-wavelength aperture.

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• Future Work
• Fabrication of chiral MMs for 10 GHz, 6 THz, 30
  THz and micron wavelengths.
• Extend the gain code in 3d so we can be able to
  treat realistic MMs.
• Realize the connected negative index 3d MM
  structure via direct laser writingand chemical
  vapor deposition or gold electroplating.
• Further explore the effects of SRR interactions
  in passive systems in view of the lasing
  SPACER. Study other geometries.
• Explore the possibility of obtaining negative
  phase velocity via chirality MMs.
• Further studies of compensating MM losses by
  introducing gain through the underlying
  semiconductor or polymer with gain dyes.
• Investigation of ways to obtain optical isolators
  using chiral MMs.
• Possible experimental implementation of a
  superlens consisting of two phase-conjugating
  sheets.

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PHOME 1st review meeting Imperial College,
London, UK August 31, 2009
900 - 930 Overview by coordinator,
Soukoulis 930 - 945 Discussion 945 -
1015 Activities in WP1 (Modeling)
Kafesaki/Soukoulis 1015 - 1030
Discussion 1030 - 1045 Activities in WP1
(Theory) Aubry/Pendry 1045 - 1115 Activities
in WP2 WP3 (Fabrication Characterization)
Rill/Wegener 1115 - 1130 Discussion 1130
-1145 Activities in WP2 WP3 (Fabrication
Characterization) Ozbay 1145 -1200
Discussion 1200 -1230 Internal discussion of
Commission with reviewers 1230 -1245 Feedback
from the Commission 1245 Lunch
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