SLEEP

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SLEEP
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EEG Patterns Measuring Brain Activity
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The Stages of Sleep Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)

• STAGE 1 Drowsy alpha activity easily awakened
• STAGE 2 Sleep spindles sound asleep, but easily
  awakened
• STAGE 3 Delta Waves (20-50 of record) hard to
  wake up decrease in blood pressure, body temp,
  muscle tone, heart rate
• STAGE 4 Deep Sleep almost continuous Delta
  Waves difficult to wake up seldom move

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The Stages of Sleep REM Sleep

• Rapid Eye Movements
• Vivid Dreaming
• Paradoxical Sleep Brain Wave Patterns look
  alert Theta Wave Spikes in record
• Complete loss of muscle tone

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The Sleep Cycle
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Theories of REM Sleep Dreaming

• Freudian Theory (Manifest vs. Latent Content)
• Activation-Synthesis Theory (Cortex tries to make
  sense of random brain activity)
• Neurocognitive Theory (Dreams are the result of
  thinking under unusual circumstances)

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Why Do We Sleep?

• We dont really know, but some theories
• Brain Development Solidify information from the
  day
• Repair Restoration Theory Restore homeostasis
  to brain chemistry
• Evolutionary or Energy Conservation Theory We
  sleep to conserve energy avoid danger

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Effects of Sleep Deprivation

• No major effects up until 24 hours
• Depression, lethargy, decline on task
  performance, especially vigilance tasks
• Prolonged deprivation (gt120 hours) can lead to
  hallucinations psychotic behavior
• Repeated REM deprivation leads to irritability
• Metabolic processes remain largely unaffected

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Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia
• Narcolepsy
• Cataplexy
• Sleep Apnea
• Night Terrors, Sleep Walking
• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
• (Restless Leg Syndrome)

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Routes to Altered States of Consciousness

• Drugs
• Meditation
• Hypnosis
• Nonchemical Environmental Pathways

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Sensory Deprivation Studies
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Sensory Deprivation Studies
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R.E.S.T Restricted Environmental Stimulation
Technique
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R.E.S.T Restricted Environmental Stimulation
Technique
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Sweat Lodges
Navajo Sweat Lodge
Crow Sweat Lodge
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Factors that May be Operating in Extreme or
Unusual Environments
Intense or Novel Sensory Stimulation
Trauma from Accidents
Weightlessness, Pressure Changes
Extreme Temperatures or Hypothermia
Restricted Vision, Hearing, Smell
Lack of Social Stimulation
Monotonous Sensory Stimulation from Landscapes
or Seascapes
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The Sensed Presence
A perception or feeling that another Person is
present, usually to help.
Can range from a vague feeling to A flesh blood
entity
May be a god, spirit, ancestor, Or person known
to observer.
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Why Does a Sensed Presence Appear?

• Motion of Boats
• Atmospheric/Geomagnetic Activity
• Changes in brain chemistry triggered by
• Stress
• Lack of oxygen
• Monotonous stimulation
• Buildup of hormones
• Shifting of attention from external, ambient
  stimuli to internal information we have less
  experience processing.