CLONING

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CLONING

• Sun Hwa Dong

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Cloning

• Cloning producing identical copies of genes,
  cells, organisms
• Clone product
• desirable combination of characteristics
• Pathogenesis, Reproductive, Molecular, Cloning in
  stem cell research

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Cloning using a differentiated animal cell

• 1. Take cultured udder cells from donor sheep.
• 2. Take unfertilized egg cells from another
  sheep.
• 3. Remove the nucleus from each cell using
  micropipette.

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• 4. The egg cells fused with donor cells by a
  pulse of electricity.
• 5. They develop like zygotes (initial cell) and
  become embryos.
• 6. Implant the embryos in the womb of a surrogate
  mother.
• 7. DOLLY !!
• REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

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Cloning using undifferentiated cells

• Making copies of cells with undifferentiated
  cells
• Stem cell research
• Therapeutic Cloning

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Therapeutic Cloning in Humans

• Embryonic stem cells
• Divide, differentiate into any cell types
• Tissue/ Organ replacement

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For Against
Save lives, reduce suffering by therapies Embryo potential human being
Cells removed from embryos that stopped developing and would die More embryo produced than needed so some may have to be killed
Cells removed when embryos cant feel pain without nerve cells Embryonic stem cells ? tumor cells
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Human Genome Project

• Human genome ? 25000-30000 genes
• To find the location of all genes on chromosomes
  and base sequence of all DNA that makes up them
• Allows to
• 1. Study how genes influence human development
• 2. Identify genetic diseases
• 3. Produce new drugs
• 4. Have new insights into origins, evolution,
  migrations of humans

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Vocabulary

• Clone
• Cloning
• Zygote initial cell formed when a new organism
  is produced by means of sexual reproduction
• Reproductive cloning
• Therapeutic cloning
• Human genome project

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Bibliography

• Study Guide p 32
• Course Companion p 165
• Pearson HL p 108-110
• http//www.success4dummies.com/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote
• http//www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gene-expr
  ession-regulates-cell-differentiation-931
• http//www.biology-online.org/articles/tissue_engi
  neering_stem_cells/figures.html
• http//www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/03/images/green_es_
  cells.jpg