January II

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January II

• Everyday Survival
• 5 Pillars of Islam
• Sufism
• Ice Candy Man Discussion
• Lahore 1947

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Commissions

• Rickshaw Man
• Gift Shop (My cousins workshop)
• Hotel

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Restaurant

• What should you Order (or not?)
• How should you eat it?

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• Questions?

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Islam--Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• Worship (Salat)
• Mandatory Alms-Giving (Zakat)
• Fasting in Ramadan (Sawm)
• Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

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Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• No God but Allah, and Muhammad is his Messenger
• Implies accepting the Quran (as message).
• Recitation in the presence of 2 Believers makes
  one a Muslim.

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Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• Worship (Salat)
• Strictly prescribed form/content
• 5x Daily, originally by the sun
• Face towards Mecca
• Prescribed recitations/movements
• Preceded by ceremonial washing (wudu)
• Friday community prayer

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Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• Worship (Salat)
• Obligatory Alms-Giving (Zakat)
• Strictly prescribed (2.5 of assets)
• Builds/supports community
• Additional giving encouraged, not mandatory

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Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• Worship (Salat)
• Mandatory Alms-Giving (Zakat)
• Fasting in Ramadan (Sawm)
• No eating/drinking/sex during the day
• Self-control, sympathy for the poor
• Night of Power (27th)First Revelation
• Id al-fitr (Festival of Breaking the Fast)

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Five Pillars

• Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• Worship (Salat)
• Mandatory Alms-Giving (Zakat)
• Fasting in Ramadan (Sawm)
• Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
• Highly Prescribed (Time, Dress, Rituals)
• Mandatory if health/finances permit
• Unity of Community (Reflects Gods Oneness)

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Islamic Mysticism

• What is Mysticism?
• Rooted in Personal Experience
• Ineffable/Transformative
• What is Islamic Mysticism?
• Rooted in Islam (Quran, Sunnah)

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History/Development

• Hasan of Basra (Ascetic Practices)
• Rabia (d. 801) -- Love of God
• Sufi Tariqas (Paths/Orders)10th c.
• Master/Disciple Relationship
• Particular Spiritual Practices
• Groups defined by Practices/Transmission

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Practices (Transformation)

• Training under a Master (Soul-cooking)
• Fana (annihilation)
• Service/Humiliity
• Fasting/Prayer
• Love of God

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Practices (Transformation)

• Service/Humiliity
• Fasting/Prayer
• Love of God
• Dhikr (Remembrance)
• Music/Dance/Chanting gtgt Mystical Ecstasy

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The Saints

• Friends of God (piety, holiness)
• Baraka (Power to Give Blessing)
• In life, and after death
• Saint as channel, not source
• Tombs as Centers of Power
• Muin ud-din Chishti (d. 1236)
• Nizamuddin (d. 1275)
• Sabir (d. 1290)

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Ice Candy Man Discussion

• What scene or scenes from the book struck you
  strongly? Why?
• What lesson/lessons did you take from the text?
  

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Lahore 1940s

• Everyone remembers a happy city where everyone
  just got along fine.
• Was this really true?

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Lahore 1940s

• Everyone remembers a happy city where everyone
  just got along fine.
• Was this really true?
• Deeply divided society
• Parallel/Separate lives
• Economic inequalities
• Muslims dismissed as polluting

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Triggers

• Direct Action
• Tara Singhs Outburst (March 3)
• Rawalpindi Massacre (Sikh and Hindu
  money-lenders)
• June 3 Boundary Decision
• Aug 14 Independence Decision
• Henna/Bangles from Amritsar

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Calculations

• Why were the Hindus so sure Lahore would remain
  in India?
• Why did Muslims support ethnic cleansing?

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Calculations

• Why were the Hindus so sure Lahore would remain
  in India?
• property ownership, property taxes.
• Why did Muslims support ethnic cleansing?
• Create an Islamic state (remove unbelievers)
• Loot and plunder (booty)
• Upward mobilitydisplace upper classes

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Forced Migration

• Evolving process
• Friends first asked them to stay (no plan)

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Forced Migration

• Evolving process
• Friends first asked them to stay (no plan)
• 3 June decision tilted toward Muslims
• superior numbers
• organized cadres
• partisan administration
• dissolving political authority

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Forced Migration

• Evolving process
• Friends first asked them to stay (no plan)
• 3 June decision tilted toward Muslims
• superior numbers
• organized cadres
• partisan administration
• dissolving political authority
• East PunjabRetaliatory Massacres