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Discourse Analysis: In Plain Language

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Lesser - amateur whale watchers. seaplane companies. ferry companies. fishing boat companies ... Movies - Moby Dick to Free Willy. Findings ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Discourse Analysis: In Plain Language


1
Discourse AnalysisIn Plain Language
  • Philippa Smith
  • Discourse Research Group
  • AUT

2
Fasold, R. (1990)
  • The study of discourse is the study of any
    aspect of language use.

3
Du Gay, P. (1996)
  • Discourse is a group of statements which
    provide a language for talking about a topic and
    a way of producing a particular kind of knowledge
    about a topic. Thus the term refers both to the
    production of knowledge through language and
    representations and the way that knowledge is
    institutionalized, shaping social practices and
    setting new practices into play.

4
Fairclough, N. (1995)
  • The term discourse is widely and
    sometimes confusingly used in various
    disciplines. It is helpful to distinguish two
    main senses. One is predominant in language
    studies discourse as social action and
    interaction, people interacting together in real
    social situations. The other is predominant in
    post-structuralist social theory Foucaulta
    discourse as a social construction of reality, a
    form of knowledge.

5
Smith and Bell, 2007
  • Discourse analysis involves a close
    examination of text, including visual imagery and
    sound as well as spoken or written language. It
    is concerned with both the form of the text and
    its use in social context, its construction,
    distribution and reception. It aims to understand
    and elucidate the meanings and social
    significance of the text.

6
Phillips and Hardy (2002)
  • Without discourse, there is no social
    reality, and without understanding discourse, we
    cannot understand our reality, our experience or
    ourselves.

7
Stubbe, M. et al. (2003)
  • Multiple discourse analyses of a workplace
    interaction.
  • Discourse Studies. 5 (3) 351-389.

8
British Columbia Whale Watching Industryexample
one from Phillips, N. Hardy, C. (2002).
  • Business study of whale watching industry
  • Identified actors
  • Collected data
  • Findings
  • Outcomes

9
Actors
  • 1. Main - commercial whale watchers
  • researchers
  • Lesser - amateur whale watchers
  • seaplane companies
  • ferry companies
  • fishing boat companies
  • Regulators - Govt. British Columbia
  • Coastguards
  • Travel tourism boards assoc

10
Data collection
  • 17 tape recorded, semi-structured i/views
  • key actors (1995-96)
  • Textual materials - brochures, books etc
  • Scholarly texts
  • Internet Movie Database
  • Microsoft Cinemania CD-ROM
  • Film oriented Internet newsgroups
  • Personal communications
  • Movies - Moby Dick to Free Willy

11
Findings
  • Concept of whales changed from dangerous monsters
    to intelligent individuals
  • Resulted through complex processes of multiple
    discourses
  • This provided a space within which institutional
    entrepreneurs worked to influence the field

12
Outcomes of research
  • Broader, more contextualised understanding of
    collaboration (discursive activity)
  • Developed framework based on a discursive
    approach to explain dynamics of collaboration
  • Understand how collaboration can be managed

13
Example 2 from Tuffin, K., Praat, A. Frewin,
K. (2004)New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol
33, No. 2.
  • Analysing a Silent Discourse
  • Sovereignty and tino
  • rangatiratanga in Aotearoa

14
Points of interest
  • Social psychology of race relations
  • Discursively analyses construction of sovereignty
    from focus group
  • Offers alternative to dominant discourses
    surrounding nationhood
  • Illustrates how oppressive race talk can be
    challenged

15
Extract 1 Whats your understanding of
sovereignty?
  • Gareth That ((pause)) what were really talking
    about constantly is tino rangatiratanga. I mean
    thats the safe basis to go back to because
    thats what the Treaty actually says. Um
    sovereignty is a translation of that, and its a
    translation which ah has been one that Maori have
    used, probably without thinking very much about
    it because it was clearly the word that ah
    Britain was using ((pause)) and more recently the
    Settler Government ((pause))

16
Extract 2
  • GarethWe could get into much more detail than
    that. um - I think for instance that this country
    has suffered. Ah from picking up a notion of
    sovereigntyof national sovereignty based on the
    way that Britain saw it, and still to some extent
    sees it. In one narrow window of her history mm
    ah and its a very unusual meaning and its a
    meaning that says sovereignty is a single thing
    and its concentrated and exercised only in one
    place mm and most of the states in the world that
    Im aware of dont operate that way.

17
References
  • Du Gay, P. (1996). Consumption and identity at
    work London Sage Publications.
  • Fairclough, N. (1995). Media Discourse. London
    Edward Arnold.
  • Fasold, R. (1990). Sociolinguistics of Language.
    Oxford Blackwells.
  • Phillips, N. Hardy, C. (2002). Discourse
    analysis Investigating processes of social
    construction. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage
    Publications.
  • Smith, P. Bell, A. (2007).Unravelling the web
    of discourse analysis in Media Studies Key
    issues and debates. Eoin Devereux (ed). London
    Sage Publications.
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