Grammar Review IntermediateAdvanced

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Grammar Review Intermediate-Advanced

• F. Wentworth

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Present Progressive vs. Simple Present

• Do the following three exercises (click on the
  exercise.
• Exercise 1
• Exercise 2
• Exercise 3

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Past Progressive

• Use the Past Progressive to talk about an action
  that was going on in the past Usually used when
  talking about two actions.
• Two things going on at the same time
• I was watching TV while I was eating dinner.
• Or Something that was going on that was
  interrupted by another action. The second action
  is in the simple past.
• I was eating dinner when the phone rang.

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How to form the Past Progressive

• I
• He
• She
• It
• You
• We
• They

• was __________ ing
• was __________ing
• was __________ing
• was __________ing
• were __________ing
• were __________ing
• were __________ing

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Past Progressive vs. Past Exercise

• Click here for the exercise

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When do you use Present Perfect and when to use
the Simple Past?

• Use the simple past for things that are finished
  in the past. Usually there will be a specific
  time word that makes it past like yesterday,
  last night, two weeks ago, last year, in 2006,
  last September, at 1200 PM, etc. You can not use
  present perfect with these time words. For
  example
• I went to the beach last Sunday. (Not I have gone
  to the beach)

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When to use Present Perfect

• Present perfect is for actions or states that
  begin in the past but are still going on in the
  present, or actions that happened in the past but
  have been repeated and have the possibility of
  repeating in the future. Time words are not
  specific
• Present Perfect often uses time expressions like
• Already/yet
• Many times
• For/since
• Just

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Contrast Present Perfect with the Past

• I have already seen that movie. I saw it two
  weeks ago.
• I have been here for 6 months. I arrived 6 months
  ago.
• I have been here since 2006. I came here in 2006.
  
• I have just had lunch. I had lunch at 1200.
• Exercise

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Past Perfect

• Use the past perfect when talking about things in
  the past that happened before another thing in
  the past. For example
• (1)
  (2)
• I had already eaten when John came by to visit.
• The first thing that happened is in past perfect.
  The second is in the past.

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How to form the Past Perfect

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• You
• We
• They

• Had Past Participle
• The past participle is the third column on
  your verb lists.
• For regular verbs it is the same as the past
  tense.

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Some examples of Past Perfect

• I had studied English for two years before I came
  to the United States.
• After I had eaten lunch, I washed the dishes.
• In speaking people often dont use the past
  perfect so you will hear people say After I ate
  lunch I washed the dishes.
• Exercise

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Passive Voice

• Use Passive Voice when the doer (the one
  performing the action or the subject) is not
  known or not important.
• For example That building was built in 1876.
• What is more important is the building and when
  it was built, not who built it. We also may not
  know who built it.
• The fire was put out after many hours (by the
  firefighters).
• We assume that firefighters put out the fire, so
  it isnt necessary to say by the firefighters).

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How to make the Passive

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• You
• We
• They

• Was past participle
• Was past participle
• Was past participle
• Was past participle
• Was past participle
• Were past participle
• Were past participle
• Were past participle

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Exercises on Passive

• Exercise 1
• Exercise 2

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Conditional Tenses

• There are two kinds of conditionals Real and
  Unreal.
• Real-means something will happen as long as a
  condition is met. If it is sunny tomorrow, we
  will got to the beach. When you use the word hope
  it is a real condition. I hope it will be sunny
  tomorrow so we can go to the beach.
• Unreal This is something that will not happen or
  did not happen because it is not possible. If I
  were rich, I would travel around the world. The
  fact is, I am not rich so I cant travel around
  the world. When you use the word wish it is
  unreal. I wish I were rich so that I could travel
  around the world.

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Real Conditions

• Present Used with if or when with the present
  tense in both clauses If/When present.present.
• If (When) it rains tomorrow, we usually stay
  home and read.
• Sentences can begin with the if/when clause or
  the main clause. We usually stay home and read
  when (if) it rains. (no comma when you begin with
  the main clause)
• Using if suggests that it doesnt happen
  frequently. When suggests that it is a usual
  occurrence.

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Real Conditional

• Future Although you dont really know what will
  happen in the future, you know that if a
  condition is met something will happen. It
  describes what you think will happen.
• If, when presentsimple future
• When I have a day off, I will visit you.
• If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home and watch
  a movie.

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Real Conditional

• Past Real The past real conditional describes
  what you used to do if a certain condition was
  met.
• When I was a child, My brothers and I often
  played outside.
• When I had a day off, I often went to see my
  grandmother.
• Use If/When simple past..simple past

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Unreal Conditionals

• Present Used to talk about what you would do in
  an imaginary situation.
• Use If simple past.would verb (base form) (Do
  not use when in unreal conditionals)
• If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
• If I had a car, I would visit you more often.
• I would buy that computer if it were (was is
  often used in conversation here) cheaper.
• Using were in with I, he, she and it, is
  grammatically correct however in conversation
  people often use was.

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Unreal Conditional

• Modals
• Present unreal You can use could or might.
• If she had time, she might go to the party.
• If she were bilingual, she could get a good job.

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Unreal Conditional

• Future This is formed like the present unreal.
• If I had time, I would go to your party
  tomorrow.
• If you helped me move, I would buy you dinner.
  (The person isnt going to help)

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Unreal Conditional

• Past Use Past unreal conditional to talk about
  imaginary things in the past.
• If past perfect..would have past participle
• If I had owned a car I would have driven to work.
• If I had known you were sick, I would have called
  you.
• If she had had time, she would have helped you
  move.

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Unreal Conditional-Past

• Modals
• Could have
• Might have
• If she had lived in Spain, she could have learned
  Spanish.
• If she had had more money, she might have
  traveled more. (She never had enough money to
  travel)

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Conditionals with Continuous

• Present
• If it were raining, we would stay home and watch
  a movie.
• Past
• If it had been raining, we would have stayed home
  and watched a movie.
• Future
• If we were waiting at the airport when he
  arrives, he would be very surprised.

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Exercises with Conditional

• Exercise 1
• Exercise 2
• Exercise 3

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Hope and Wish

• Hope Use with Real Conditional
• I hope it rains tomorrow
• I hope he will be able to visit next week.
• Wish Use with Unreal.
• I wish I were rich.
• I wish I had more time
• I wish I could speak English fluently.
• I wish I had known you were coming. I would have
  made dinner for you.
• Exercise