PreColumbian to 1700

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Pre-Columbian to 1700

• By Victor Larios
• AP US History
• Per.1

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Table of Contents

• Spain
• England
• France
• Holland (Dutch)
• Swedes

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Spanish Exploration

• Columbus mistakenly finds the New World instead
  of Japan and China
  
• Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)- Establish Spain
  control of the West while Portugal gets the east
  of the New World
  
• Columbus and Spanish adventurers (conquistadores)
  begin with the Caribbean Islands, then in 1510
  focus on America mainland
  

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Spanish Settlement

• Settled in the Caribbean Islands and the Bahamas,
  claiming San Salvador, Hispaniola, La Navidad,
  Antigua, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico and Cuba
  
• Cortes take over the Aztecs and Tenochtitlan and
  replaced it with Mexico city, center of New
  Spain
  
• From South America to as far as North America
  including the areas of Peru, Yucatan Peninsula,
  Guatemala, Chili, Columbia, including North
  America, and established St. Augustine in
  Florida.

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Spanish Native Relations

• Enslaved Indians/Natives to labor (encomiendas)
• Took over land and forced into conversion to
  Christianity or were killed
  
• Some Indians became allies and helped the
  Spanish
  
• Most Natives killed off by Disease not combat

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Spanish Government

• 1524-Council of the Indies-create and set laws
  for Spain's territories in the Americas,
  monitored the conduct and replaced if any were
  corrupt, and was the judicial court for any civil
  cases in the areas
• Viceroys-highest imperial position and were
  appointed and fired by queen/king. Responsible
  for civil order and enforcing the Council of the
  Indies Laws
• Audiencias- with supervision, helped with
  provisional legislating for territories
  
• Crown Appointees led local governments
• Crown try to ensure loyalty by only appointing
  Spanish born to high positions and reduce power
  of encomenderos

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Spanish Economic Purposes

• Enrich Spain by establishing colonies and sending
  goods such as foods, animals, plants
  
• Desired to get rich through gold and silver

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English Exploration

• 1496-John Cabot sent to explore North Atlantic in
  search for the Northwest Passage
  
• 1583-Sir Humphrey Gilbert explores possibility in
  settling colony in Newfoundland, (unsuccessful)
  
• Begin to explore North America eastern Coastline

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English Settlement

• 1497-Cabot claims Newfoundland
• 1585-1590 Roanoke established by Raleigh but
  fails
  
• London Company establish Virginia, Jamestown
  1607
  
• 1620-Plymoth colony and 1930-Massachusettes Bay
  colony lead to Massachusetts
  
• 1623-New Hampshire
• Virginia made a royal colony in 1624
• 1632-Maryland colony Established by George
  Calvert
  
• 1636-Roger Williams founds colony Rhode Island
• 1636-Thomas Hooker establish Connecticut
• 1637-John Davenport form colony of New Haven
• New England and Chesapeake regions

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English Settlement Cont.

• 1662-Colony New Haven and Connecticut combine to
  form colony of Connecticut
  
• 1663-King George the second created Carolina
  (areas of North and South Carolina and Georgia)
  
• 1664-Take over New Jersey for New Netherlands
• 1664-Seize territory from the Dutch and renamed
  New York
  
• 1664-Take over Delaware for New Sweden
• 1682-William Penn found Pennsylvania

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English Relations With Natives

• Colonies and settlers attacked by Indians, engage
  in warfare
  
• Take over Indians land, some Indians resent
  others mover west
  
• Some trade with Indians

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English Government

• Crown approve colonies for charter
• New type of government and positions with in the
  colonies General Court (Representative assembly)
  and a Governor
  
• In different colonies, different religions was
  either tolerated or not
  

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English Economic Purposes

• Water route to Asia to engage in trade
• To discover a kingdom of riches full of gold and
  silver
  
• Need to sell their exports, founded trading
  companies
  
• Begin building Plantations, to be more like
  England
  
• Establish colonies to benefit and make England
  rich

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French Exploration

• 1524-Giovanni de Verrazano sent to find route
  through North America to Asia, ended up exploring
  Atlantic coast
  
• 1534-36- Jacques Cartier explored the St.
  Lawrence River to Quebec
  
• 1673- Fort Frontenac created on Lake Ontario
• 1673- Jacques Marquette explore Mississippi
  Valley
  
• Explore West of the Mississippi

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French Settlement

• Claim St. Lawrence to Quebec
• 1608-Samuel de Champlain establish a trading post
  in Quebec
  
• Spread to the Great Lakes and valleys of
  Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
  
• 1673- Fort Frontenac created on Lake Ontario
• 1682- Sieur de La Salle claim Louisiana
  Territory
  

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French Native Relations

• Good relations with Indians
• Establish fur/beaver pelts trade with Indians
• Indians assist/teach French with techniques
• Beaver Wars-mid 17th Century, Indians begin
  attacking French Missionaries

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French Government

• Lack Interest in North America
• King Louis the fourteenth take direct control of
  New France in 1663
  
• Appoint Jean-Baptiste Colbert to lead
• Governor General- Responsible for law and order,
  Indian relations, and defense (appointed by
  Crown)
  
• Intendant-led civil government (justice/finance)
  and was appointed by the Crown
  
• High ranking officials tell information to the
  colonists rather then have an official assembly
  

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French Economic Purposes

• Water way passage to trade in Asia
• Find gold and silver and Trade Fur with Indians
  to enrich France
  

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Dutch Exploration

• Explore North America
• 1609, Holland send Henry Hudson to explore for
  Northwest Passage, found the Hudson River
  

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Dutch Settlement

• 1624-New Amsterdam and Fort Orange established as
  trading posts
  
• Dutch West India Company establishes New
  Netherlands
  
• Established Rensselaerwyck near Fort Orange

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Dutch Native Relations

• Trade with Indians fur and pelvit belts
• Conflicts with Indians, for property, livestock
  and engage in warfare

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Dutch Government

• Want stable colony, encourage settlers to come by
  supplying with farming tools and livestock
  
• Patroon system-large portions of land given to
  wealthy men who brought at least 50 families to
  New Netherlands
  
• Land grants offered to those willing to pay on
  expenses
  
• Began importing African slaves due to lack of
  labor
  
• Stuyvesant help establish first government in New
  Amsterdam changed officers from being appointed
  to elected and they met at a State House
  discussing civil and criminal jurisdiction

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Dutch Economic Purposes

• Find the Northwest Passage
• Set up posts to trade fur with Indians

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Swedish Exploration

• Only one territory explored in North America
  located in the Northeast area

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Swedish Settlement

• 1638-New Sweden Colony founded by Swedish West
  India Company (purchased land from Indians)
  
• Establish Fort Christina and Christinahamn in
  Delaware Bay
  

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Swedish Native Relations

• Some Fur trade with Indians
• Swedish learned woodland skills and techniques
  from Savo-Karelian Finnish settlers

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Swedish Government

• Captured a Dutch Fort, Dutch respond and capture
  Fort Christina and New Sweden
  
• New Sweden absorbed by New Netherlands

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Swedish Economic Purposes

• Establish a Fur Trade monopoly
• Shifted to trading Fur for other supplies from
  other colonies