Energy management

1
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES EXPLOITATION IN KENYA
Kiremu Magambo Renewable Energy Consultant Tel
3751201/ 341749, Nairobi, Kenya
Email rencon_at_clubinternetk.com
2
Energy supply for Kenya

• A study carried out in year 2002 report
• Biomass 80.5
• Petroleum 18
• Electricity 1.4
• The study predicted serious energy deficits by
  2015 unless interventions are put in place.
  
• Total Investment of KShs 772 Billion required
  over 10 years to meet projected demand

3
Modern energy Access in Kenya

• Modern energy access less than 25 of population
  
  
• Access to electricity - 15 of total population
  and 4 in rural areas
  
• Modern energy consumption per capita 89.4 kg of
  oil equivalent (koe)
  
• Minimum consumption/capita for a country to make
  a transition from subsistence to a growing
  economy 300 koe
  
• (authors estimate)

4
Renewable Energy Resources in Kenya

• Solar very high with annual national mean
  irradiation of between 4.4 and 6.3 kWh/m². The
  country annual average is about 5 kWh/m²/day
  
• Wind good to very good in a few places
• Small hydros 3,000 MW. Total hydro 6,000MW
• Geothermal 2000MW (?)
• Other RE resources (biogas, seawavestidal etc)
  resources not yet mapped.

5
History Development of RE 1

• RE in the context of this presentation excludes
  large scale commercial power projects such as
  large hydros and Geothermal
  
• Interest triggered by RE conference held in Kenya
  in 1982
  
• Donors, NGOs and corporations started using solar
  PV in remote areas

6
History Development of RE 2

• Local entrepreneurs saw a business opportunity
  and started importing and trading in PV systems
  
• Government facilitated PV by reducing and
  eventually zero rating PV panels
  

7
History Development of RE 3

• PV is now a 8 million p.a. business
• About 200,000 solar PV systems installed -most of
  them installed in rural households
  
• About 15,000 solar systems installed in Kenya p.a.

8
RE Resource exploitation current status

• Solar - Small scale PV about 6MW installed
• Solarthermal insignificant. Mostly used in
  traditional drying of food crops.
  
• Wind insignificant (only 400kW)
• Small hydros insignificant
• Though the potential is huge, harnessing of other
  RE resources in Kenya insignificant.

9
Electricity supply in Kenya
10
Benefits of RE exploitation for Kenya 1

• The country would reap many benefits
• Economic benefits
• - Use of locally available energy resources
• - Reduction in oil import bills
• - Faster development of commercial and
  manufacturing activities in rural areas
  
• - Increased agricultural productivity - irrigation

11
Benefits of RE exploitation for Kenya 2

• Social Benefits
• - Education
• - Health
• - Water
• - Communication
• Environmental benefits

12
Barriers to RE development 1

• High costs of the technologies
• Lack of appropriate and affordable financing
  options
  
• Underdeveloped infrastructure for
  manufacture/importation, distribution and after
  sales service
  

13
Barriers to RE development 2

• Lack of enabling institutional, legal and
  regulatory framework
  
• Inadequate qualified and skilled manpower in the
  industry
  
• Low levels of income

14
Interventions by the Government 1

• Fiscal
• - import duties and taxes abolished on solar
  equipment
  
• - financing of RE resource assessments and
  pre-feasibility studies and demonstrations
  
• - Resource mobilisation for RE programmes
• - Attractive feed-in tarriff being worked out.

15
Interventions by the Government 2

• Promotion and awareness creation
• - Ministry of energy organising seminars,
  workshops
  
• - Energy bulletin
• - Demonstrations at the energy centres
• Policy, Legal and regulatory framework
• - Policy to promote and support the development
  of RE formulated in year 2004 (Sessional paper
  No.4 on energy)

16
Interventions by the Government 3

• - New Energy law already published and to be
  tabled in parliament any time now. Legal and
  Regulatory frameworks on RE development included
  in the act.
• Capacity building
• - training of fabricators of efficient stoves at
  energy centres
  
• - training of engineers at MoE

17
MoE RE Programmes

• Solar for schools programme
• - Commenced 2005.
• - about 2m per year programme to install PV
  systems in schools in remote areas
  
• - 21 schools already done.
• - 60 schools to have benefited by July 2007
• 500kW Wind project at Marsabit
• - To be developed by an IPP on BOOT model

18
Other Proposed RE Projects

• Proposed for grid connection (by private
  developers)
  
• - 80MW wind proposed
• - 20 MW cane bagasse co-generation

19
Investment opportunities in the energy sector

• Energy demand increasing rapidly
• An additional 500MWe required in the next 5
  years
  
• Good investment opportunities in power generation
  therefore exists
  
• Ministry of energy always ready to facilitate
• Visit www.energy.go.ke for more information about
  the ministry of energy

20
Appreciation

• Thank you