Title: Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets Example: Madagascar
1Application of risk assessment to access
agricultural marketsExample Madagascar
- Katharina StärkSwiss Federal Veterinary Office
2Outline
- Trade principles under SPS
- Example Madagascar
- Pig production Madagascar
- Disease status
- Risk assessment applied in this situation?
- Hypothetical
3Trade under SPS rules
- Exporting country
- Scientific evidence to document thatimported
goods do not impose larger health risk for local
animal/human/plant population than product
produced in importing country - Aim of risk analysis
- Provide importing country with objective and
defensible method to assess risk
4Pig population Madagascar
5Pork production
- Mainly extensive, few specialised farmers
6Introduction of ASF
- Suspect cases in early 1998
- Diagnosis December 1998
- FAO TCP started in 1999
- Diagnostic tools
- Epidemiology
- Surveillance
- Control
7Current disease situation
Zones indemnes de PPA (30/04/00)
Distribution (approx.) des suidés sauvages
(Potamochoerus larvatus )
Tiques Ornithodoros porcinus (aire de
distribution décrite entre 1960 et 1990)
Tiques (aire connue 1960 1990) suidés sauvages
Séroloies positives anticorps anti-tiques
Peste Porcine Africaine SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGI
QUE
Avril 2000
8Risk through trade?
- Pork?
- Beef?
- Other animal-derived products?
9Trade prior to 1999
- Pork to La Reunion (until 1988)
- Beef to European Union (until 1995)
- lack of surveillance
- lack of controls
- lack of good veterinary services
10Disease surveillance
- Reporting of signs of disease activity by
livestock owners and veterinarians - Active programme of examination of samples from
within host populations to detect clinical signs
or indications of disease occurrence
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
11Quality of veterinary services
- Bilateral between countries
- mutual agreement on criteria
- Criteria
- appropriate to circumstances
- relevant to type of trade
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
12Concept of zoning
- Zone part of country established for disease
control - Requirements
- Notifiable disease
- According to epidemiology of disease
- Effective boundaries
- Constant supervision (movement control)
- Effective veterinary service
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
13Disease-free zone
- Can be established if infection is still present
- All animal holdings officially known
- Investigation of suspect outbreaks
- Outbreaks reported to OIE
- Can be surrounded by surveillance zone
- Strict animal movement control
- Independent of import of animals from infected
zones
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
14ASF-free zones
- Notifiable disease
- Effective borders
- Control / Surveillance of
- Domestic pigs
- Bush pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus )
- Ticks (Ornithodoros porcinus spp)
- Animal movements
- Additional safety measures
- Export from ASF-free herds
15Possible ASF-free zones
List of holdings Movement control Identification
of animals
Peste Porcine Africaine SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGI
QUE
Avril 2000
16ASF-free farms
- Re-stocking with ASF-free stock
- Isolation
- Biosafety measures
- Animals, bush pigs, tick control
- People
- Feed
- Surveillance programme
- Identification
17Risk assessment
- The OIE risk assessment model
- Disease factors
- Disease status of exporting country (country
factors) - Surveillance
- Disease-free zones
- Veterinary service
- Products (commodity factors)
- Quantity
- Effect of processing
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
18Risk model What can go wrong?
OK
Yes
OK
ASF-free region
No
- Surveillance
- Barriers
- Identification
ASF-free herd
OK
Processing
P(export)
19ASF status
Tanzania
2000
1999
1999
Countries with (sporadic) reported ASF cases in
1998 or later
20Conclusions
- Basis for risk assessment
- Good veterinary service
- Surveillance data
- Large flexibility
- Qualitative assessment sufficient
- Powerful tool for all countries