CELLS!!

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CELLS!!

• The basic units of all forms of life

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Animal/Plant/Bacteria Cells
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Microscope

• Needed to see cells Thanks Leeuenhooke!
• Resolution vs Magnification
• Resolution ability to distinguish between two
  objects
• Magnification the degree of closeness that you
  can achieve
• Our eyes 100 micrometers resolution (ability to
  distinguish between two objects)
• Light Microscope 200 nm or .2 micrometers
• Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 2 nm
• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 2 nm

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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes
• No Nucleus!
• Pro before Karyon nucleus
• All Bacteria

• Eukaryotes
• Nucleus!
• Eu true
• Organelles tiny organs
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Plants, animals, most algea, fungi

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Unicellular Organisms vs. Multicellular Organisms

• Unicellular
• Both prokaryotes eukaryotes
• Bacteria live in colonies
• Amoeba (Kingdom Protista)

• Multicellular
• Organisms contain multiple types of cells that
  work together to create one being (players on a
  baseball team)
• Specialized to perform functions within an
  organism
• Some specialized to move
• Some specialized to react to the environment
• Some cells produce substances the organism needs

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BACTERIA
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Cell Parts/Organelles

• Cell Membrane
• Thin, flexible barrier around the cell
• Substances can move in and out through this
  structure

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Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like material inside cell membrane not
  including nucleus
• Used for metabolism within the cell

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Cell Wall

• Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls
• Plant Cells Made up of cellulose (polymer of a
  carbohydrate) and proteins
• TOUGH non-flexible
• boundary of cell

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Nucleus

• Brain or control center of the cell
• Large structure
• Contains cells genetic material (DNA)
• Controls cells activities
• Made up of
• Nucleolus
• Produces ribosomes
• Nuclear Envelope (porous)
• Chromatin
• Condenses to form chromosomes

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Cytoskeleton

• Network of protein filaments that helps a cell
  maintain shape moves cell
• Microtubules (25 nm) Cilia or Flagella

Microfilaments (7nm) Supports cell movement of
organelles
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Ribosomes

• Small particles of RNA protein
• Assembles proteins using coded instructions from
  the nucleus (writers for a newspaper)

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
• Proteins are modified
• Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
• Enzymes perform special tasks (ex. Put together
  lipids)

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Golgi Apparatus

• Enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to
  proteins

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Lysosomes - custodians

• Small organelles filled with enzymes
• Break down carbohydrates, lipids, proteins from
  food so that the cell can use it
• Remove debris that might clutter cell
• Only in animal cells

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Vacuoles

• Store water, proteins, carbohydrates
• Transport substances within cell
• Found in both plant and animal cells

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Chloroplast

• Plants use energy from sunlight to make
  energy-rich food molecules (through
  photosynthesis)
• Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
• Contains DNA

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Mitochondria coffee room

• Release energy from stored food molecules power
  house
• Cell uses energy for growth, development,
  movement
• All eukaryotic cells
• In humans comes from cytoplasm of ovum
• Contains DNA

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How does it all fit together?

• One of the cells major functions making
  proteins

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Multicellular Organization

• Cells tissues organs organ systems