Ring-Necked Pheasant

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Biodiversity in Minnesota

• Ring-Necked Pheasant
• Bison
• Bowfin
• Spotted Salamander
• Shag Bark Hickory
• Wild Licorice
• By Bryce Woitas

2
Ring-Necked Pheasant

• Male- adults are medium sized chicken like birds
• Long pointed tails
• Wings long
• Face is red and bare
• Head has iridescent green on it
• Known for a white ring around neck
• Chest is maroon.
• Spurs halfway up leg
• Body is brown, with some orange

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Ring-Necked Pheasant

• Female
• Mottled brown
• Small black spots on her back
• Long, pointed tail with black stripes or
  barring

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Ring-Necked Pheasant

• Reproduces lays eggs, nests on the ground
• Foodomnivore, scratches on ground digs with bill
  for seeds, grains, grasses, leaves, roots, wild
  fruit, nuts and insects
• Predatorscoyotes, foxes, hawks, owls, crows,
  stripped skunk, racoons
• Habitatgrassland, agland, ditches, hedges,
  marshes, and woodland borders

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Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.

• Population--increased 68 percent from 2011
• expected to harvest about 290,000 roosters this
  fall.
• Diseases--Botulism, Coccidiosis owl typhoid,
  erysipelas, fowl cholera, avian tuberculosis,
  navel ill, crooked toe(young birds), Newcastle
  disease, eye infections and worms.

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Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.

• Fun Factsharem-defense polygyny one male
  watches over a small group of females
• 34 species or races of pheasants
• Known to stay on roost several days during bad
  weather without eating
• Hunted or Harvested
• Both- raised by game farms for sale for hunting
  or eating
• Hunted by a person using a trained dog

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Bison

• Description
• Male length from 3.6 m to 3.8 m
• height at the shoulder ranging from 1.67 m to
  1.86 m.
• Shoulder hump and huge head
• Fur color is brown, which can vary in shades
• Easier to see in the males is the longer hair in
  the front of the body.
• Fur color is shades of brown
• Black horns which curve up and in with sharp tips
• Hooves are black and round and splitT

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Bison

• Female Description
• length 2.13 m to 3.18 m
• Tall at the shoulders 1.52 m to 1.57 m
• Huge head and shoulder hump
• Same type of coat, hooves and horns as male
• Female is smaller than the male

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Bison

• Habitat grasslands, open savannas of North
  America. Found in some boreal habitats to
  semi-desert habitats. Mostly raised in MN. In
  the past they free ranged across southern MN.
• Diseases-- Pink Eye, Malignant Catarrhal Fever r
  Johnes Disease Capture Myopathy Calf Scours,
  Brucellosis, Bison Bovine, Viral Diarrhea,
  Bacillary Hemoglobinuria Anaplasmosis

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Bison

• Foodgraze year around, grass eaters may eat
  sagebrush is grass is gone, need water every day
• Population only evidence of large herds are now
  found in MN from bones, rocks rubbed smooth and
  wallows from thousands of buffalo passing thru,
  currently herd s are captive in parks or
  privately owned
• Reproductionpolygynous, dominant bulls tend
  group of females, Gestation is 285 days, live
  birth, baby drinks milk from mother
• Hunted or Harvestedpresently raised for meat or
  breeding programs

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Bison

• Fun Facts Bison can be found at Blue Mounds
  State Park and have a herd around 100 animals
• Once were a major source of meat and hides for
  the United States
• Are considered a keystone factor in Prairie
  communities
• Predatorswolves, mountain lions and humans

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Bowfin

• Description
• Male- and Female - medium-sized, greenish,
  tubular, olive-green fish
• scale less head ,two barbels on its face
• dorsal fin stretches most of the length of its
  back
• Mn record size is 10 lbs 15 oz., can grow to 20,
  and 3 feet long
• Males have a black spot circled in green at base
  of their tail.

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Bowfin

• Reproductionmale builds a nest of vegitation
  pieces
• Female lays eggs, male expresses milt, male
  guards eggs, babies hatch then cling to bottom
  with their noses, male stays with babies for a
  few weeks
• Food--fish, crayfish, insects, amphibians, and
  crustaceans
• Predatorsother predatory fish, and bowfish will
  eat other bowfish babies
• Habitat--

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Bowfin

• Habitat found in MN lakes and streams
• Like slow-moving , clear water
• can live in swampy, weedy areas
• PopulationAbundant in MN
• Diseases

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Bowfin

• Fun Facts
• Has the ability to breath air.
• Considered an excellent fighter, pulls hard
  when trying to reel them in.

A farmer once found a live bowfin in moist soil
when he ploughed a field that had been flooded a
few weeks before. In recent years, fish farmers
have shown interest in making bowfin eggs into
caviar. http//www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.ht
ml
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Bowfin

• Hunted or Harvestednot considered a good food
  fish, fished for the sport, mostly caught in
  spring and early summer
• Season/Regulations--Bowfishing May 1 to the last
  Sunday in February

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Spotted Salamander

• Descriptions-
• Male and Female
• They can be 6 to 7 3/4 inches long
• Males have longer thicker tails, tail fins
  noticeable
• Barely noticeable on the females
• Males are brightly colored during breeding season
• Color is black, bluish black, or gray ground
  color
• Yellow or orange spots on back and from head to
  tail
• Belly and sides are dark grey

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Spotted Salamander

• Reproduction
• Adults migrate to ponds in spring
• Males nudge and rub females
• male drops a spermatophoren, females walk over
  them and pick them up with their cloacal lips
• Female can lay up to 200 eggs in a clump, can be
  on top or under water
• Clump is covered with a jelly-like coating to
  protect the eggs from predators
• Eggs hatch in a few weeks
• They hatch as larvae , grow 2 to 4 months

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Spotted Salamander

• Foodthey eat
• earthworms
• insects
• anything they can catch and swallow
• Predatorsfoxes, fish, crows, snakes and bears

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Spotted Salamander

• Habitat woodlands
• need ponds for breeding
• Spends time in other animal s burrows,
• comes out during heavy rains
• PopulationApril 26, 2001 seven Spotted
  Salamander egg masses found in Nemadji State
  Forest
• Diseases--gas bubble disease ,metabolic bone
  disease

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Spotted Salamander

• Fun Facts the oils from human hands are toxic to
  salamanders
• Each salamander has a unique spot pattern
• Salamander means Fire Lover
• Hunted or harvested- seasons regulations-
• originally giant salamanders were hunted
• Present day salamanders may be purchased in a pet
  store.

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Shag Bark Hickory

• DescriptionAlso known as Carya ovata, has
  loose-plated bark

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Shagbark Hickory

• Bark, leaves, fruit and seeds-
• has fruit or nuts that are 1 to 3 together
• individual fruits are 3 to 6 cm in size
• ripens September thru October
• disperses its seeds thru December

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Shagbark Hickory

• Seed disbursementmonoecious and flowers in the
  spring
• Diseasesvulnerable to fire
• Butt rot, Canker rot, trunk rot, anthracnose,
  mildew, bunch disease, Crown gall,
• up to180 species of insects and mites can infest
• affected by at least 133 known fungi

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Shagbark Hickory

• Economics- food for wildlife, coppice fuel wood,
  charcoal-producing wood, hickory lumber used in
  furniture, flooring, and tool handles
• Fun Facts hickory is used for ladder rungs,
  dowels
• Mammals such as chipmunks, black bears, foxes,
  rabbits, and white-footed mice eat hickory nuts.
• Birds such as mallards, wood ducks, bobwhites
  and wild turkeys eat hickory nuts

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Wild Licorice

• Description
• Up to 3 feet tall
• Pale yellow flowers in thick clusters
• Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leaflets
• Blooms June thru August
• Fruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in
  hooked prickles
• Turns brown by the end of summer
• Needs sun, moist fields, prairies

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Wild Licorice

• Pale yellow flowers in thick clusters
• Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leaflets
• Blooms June thru August

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Wild Licorice

• Seed disbursement
• Fruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in
  hooked prickles
• Turns brown by the end of summer

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Wild Licorice

• Uses--
• Used for medicinal purposes such as, cough,
  tuberculosis, cough, some problems of
  tuberculosis, chest complaints like bronchitis,
  constipation, relieve inflammation in mucus
  membranes
• Fun Facts
• American Indians grew it for its roots which
  tasted like sweet licorice.
• Many Chinese herbal formulas contain Wild
  licorice

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Bibliography

• Ring-Necked Pheasant
• http//www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ring-necked_Phe
  asant/id
• http//news.dnr.state.mn.us/2012/09/04/minnesotas-
  pheasant-index-up-68-percent-from-2011/http//www.
  minnesotapf.org/page/1000/MN-Predators.jsp
• http//www.avianweb.com/pheasantdiseases.html
• Bison
• http//animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Bis
  on_bison/
• http//www.bing.com/images/search?qmnbisonview
  detailidA1397859AFC556EC7E62EABEB74AF26B3157A810
  
• http//www.bisoncentre.com/index.php?optioncom_co
  ntentviewcategoryid42Itemid43
• Bowfin
• http//www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.html
• http//www.bing.com/images/search?qfemaleimageo
  fbowfinfishviewdetailid6B61E2DFB2DAC60663C94
  A3DA4C4FE8999236935qpvtfemaleimageofbowfinfi
  sh
• http//www.dnr.state.mn.us/fishing/seasons.html
• Spotted Salamander
• http//www.herpnet.net/Minnesota-Herpetology/salam
  anders/SpottedSalamander.html
• http//www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/sal
  amanders/spotted.html
• http//www.buzzle.com/articles/spotted-salamander-
  facts.html
• http//www.shadescreek.org/Salamander20Facts.html
  

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Bibliography

• http//www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume
  _2/carya/ovata.htm
• http//www.google.com/search?num10hlensiteimg
  hptbmischsourcehpbiw952bih503qshagbarkh
  ickoryoqshagbargs_limg.3.0.0l5j0i24l5.1609.392
  2.0.5516.7.7.0.0.0.0.312.1030.0j3j1j1.5.0...0.0...
  1ac.1.h3SLEVriaLM

Spotted Salamander http//www.herpnet.net/Minnesot
a-Herpetology/salamanders/SpottedSalamander.html h
ttp//www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/sala
manders/spotted.html http//www.buzzle.com/article
s/spotted-salamander-facts.html http//www.shadesc
reek.org/Salamander20Facts.html Shagbark
Hickory
32
Bibliography

• Wild Licorice
• http//www.google.com/search?hlensafeactivebiw
  952bih503siteimghptbmischsa1qMinnesota
  WildLicoriceoqMinnesotaWildLicoricegs_limg.
  3...9532.14422.0.16969.13.5.0.0.0.0.407.1251.0j1j3
  j0j1.5.0...0.0...1c.1.f2H4kwE2Cyc
• http//www.dnr.state.mn.us/wildflowers/wildlicoric
  e.html
• http//www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-l
  icorice
• http//www.holoweb.com/cannon/wildd.htm
• http//www.cloverleaffarmherbs.com/licorice/sthas
  h.Z4qHRVWP.dpbs