Trafficking in Human Beings

1
Trafficking in Human Beings

• District Chief Prosecutor
• Ingela Klinteberg

2
Agenda

• Opening
• Complicating factors
• Rule of law
• Methods of investigation
• Co-operation
• Wishing list

3
Trafficking in Persons?

• Business
• Revenue
• Equity
• Break even

4
Analyse

• Customers
• Internet
• Open prostitution
• Marketing
• Information

5
www.polisen.se dokument- brott mot kvinnor och
barn
6
Annual Report

• Numbers
• Estonia, Russia, Slovakia and Kosovo
• Children
• Ethnic minorities
• Geographical domination
• Female traffickers

7
Trafficking in children

• Purposes
• Challenges

8
Internal trafficking

• Purposes
• Challenges

9
Trends

• Female traffickers
• CEO
• Internet
• No connection

10
Modus operandi

• To convince
• Deception
• Land of milk and honey
• Guilt bondage
• Transport
• Passport
• Area of prostitution

11
Complicating factors

• Forum
• Prostitution-a hidden agenda
• Language difficulites
• Evidence difficulties
• Resource demanding

12
Jurisdiction

• Chain criminality
• Organised crime
• Different groups
• Different times
• Different tasks
• Common purpose

13
Prostitution- a secret scene

• Social
• Cultural
• Economic
• Källor
• SCB
• National Institute of Statistic, Romania

14
Evidence difficulties

• Language difficulties
• Cultural difficulties
• Coersion

15
Cont.
16
Convention and Rules

• United Nations Convention on Transnational
  Organised Crime, Palermoconvention 2000
• Protocol against trafficking in persons,
  especially women and children, 2000
• European Union against Trafficking in Persons,
  2002
• Council of Europes convention against
  Trafficking i Persons
• European Convention on Human Rights, Art 4
  against slavery

17
Legal text

• Trafficking in persons for sexual
• purposes, July 1 2002
• Trafficking in Persons, July 1 2004
  
• The actions
• By unlawful means
• Purpose
• Control

18
Cont.

• Consent
• Children
• Gross procuring
• Human Trafficking related crimes
• Purchase against sexual services

19
Law review

• Completed in april 2008
• Background
• Reason
• Suggested changes

20
Building stones

• Intelligence
• Sources
• Surveillance
• Special methods of surveillance

21
Methods of investigation

• Victims
• Suspect
• Supportive evidence

22
Victims

• Main evidence
• Personal apperance
• Crime Victim Support Council
• Temporary Residence Permit
• Networking
• Local operative cooperation
• Stockholm Syndrome
• Victimology

23
Cont

• Evidence hearing
• Video link

24
Victim/Problem

• Assault
• Afraid

25
Attitude

• Mecanism
• Volontary
• Phorensic psychologist
• The lesser evil
• Loyalty

26
Onsdag 2 mars 19.37 En okänd man ringer till
Rolf 21.19 Följande SMS på slovakiska sänds från
Rolfs telefon till en telefon i
Slovakien Ivan, How are your? I am not well, I
do not know what to do and how to come home! I
have no money, I must find money somehow! The guy
have not given me any money! 21.19 sänds även
följande SMS på slovakiska från Rolfs telefon
till en telefon i Slovakien Och så kommer jag
hem på tisdag antagligen eller onsdag, jag ringer
till dig. Det här är inte min telefon, jag ska
sluta.
27
Lördag 26 februari 19.43 Nandor ringer till
Ciontos 23.24 Ciontos ringer till Nicoleta Söndag
27 februari SMS från Nicoleta till Ciontos You
are thinking only of yourself Isnt it enough
that I am alone all the time and crying and that
you are only using me and wanting to destroy my
life. 12.42 Ciontos ringer till Nicoleta Måndag
28 februari 13.13 Ciontos ringer till en okänd
man. 19.51 Ciontos ringer till Niculina Tisdag 1
mars 00.05 Flori ringer till Ciontos och Niculina
28
Suspect

• Audit trail
• Ethnic Groups
• Social Surrounding
• Seizure
• Forfeiture
• Confiscation
• Organised crime

29
Revenue of crime
30
Supportive Evidence

• Intelligence-led or
• Victim-led prosecution
• Mixture
• Joint operations
• Sexbuyers

31
Presentation

• Substancial investigation
• Birds eye perspective
• Special methods of investigation
• Technical support

32
Fredag 11 februari 14.56 Ciontos ringer till
Niculeta Måndag 14 februari 11.33 Ciontos ringer
till RCA Bussresor 18.34 Ciontos ringer till
Niculina 18.50 Ciontos ringer till Nandor 23.38
Ciontos ringer till Niculeta Onsdag 16
februari 09.32 Ciontos ringer till Niculina 16.01
Spaningspersonal iakttar när Nicoleta anländer
med buss. 16.14 She is met by C and they leave
together in a car with a registration numer FDB
550 registered to N.
33

34
Prohibiting Purchase of Sexual Service

• Criminalises the buyer
• Deterrent of human trafficking
• Prosecution Strategy

35
National Cooperation

• Police
• Pro-active investigations
• Task Force
• National Network of Prosecutors
• Prosecution Developement Centre
• National Plan of Action
• International level-IOM
• National projects

36
International Cooperation

• Ministry of Justice
• Eurojust
• Prosecutor Generals Network against Trafficking
  in Human Beings
• European Judicial Network
• European Arrest Warrant
• European Evidence Warrant
• Joint Investigation Teams

37
Wishing list

• Work pro achtive to detect and investigate
• Cooperation
• Build the pretrial
• Main hearing
• Protection

38
Conclusions

• Coordination
• Comprehensive strategies
• Well-educated law enforcement
• Global Cooperation
• Global Prosecution

39
Conclusions

• Victims