Preview

1
Medieval Japan and Korea

• Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Japans Warrior Society
• The Tokugawa Shogunate
• Medieval Korea
• Map Japan and Korea
• Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
• Video The Impact of the Samurai Tradition on
  Japan Today

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Medieval Japan and Korea
Main Idea During the medieval period, a feudal wa
rrior society developed in Japan, while Koreas
rulers endured invasion and turned to isolation.

• Reading Focus
• What were the key characteristics of the feudal
  warrior society in Japan?
  
• How did the Tokugawa Shogunate rule Japan, and in
  what ways did the culture flourish during the
  period?
  
• How did the Choson dynasty shape events in
  medieval Korea?

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Japans Warrior Society
By the 1100s, central government losing control
of the empire Local clans fighting for power and
land, no law and order Bandits roamed countrysi
de, landowners hired armies of samurai, trained
professional warriors
The samurais lands were worked by peasants, who
gave the samurai money or food for payment each
year.
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• Warrior Role
• Main role of samurai, that of highly skilled
  warrior
  
• Wore armor, were skilled with many weapons, often
  fought on horseback
  
• Expected to be in fighting form all the time,
  ready to do battle should need arise

• Societal Privileges
• As time passed, samurai rose in status in
  society, enjoyed many privileges
  
• Crowds parted to let them pass when samurai
  walked down street
  
• People dropped eyes out of respectand
  fearbecause samurai had right to kill anyone who
  showed disrespect

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Samurai

• Code of Ethics
• Samurai followed strict code of ethics, known as
  Bushido, the way of the warrior
  
• Bushido required samurai to be courageous,
  honorable, obedient, loyal
  
• Word samurai means those who serve each had to
  serve, obey his lord without hesitation, even if
  samurai, family suffered as result

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Role of Women

• Both men, women of samurai families learned to
  fight
  
• Usually only men went to war
• Female samurai had to follow Bushido
• Were prepared to die to protect home, family
  honor
  
• Samurai women honored in Japanese society
• Could inherit property
• Allowed to participate in business

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Rise of the Shoguns
For most of the 1100s, Japan had no strong
central government. Local nobles, the heads of
powerful clans, fought for power.
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New Threats
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Rebellion and Order
A new shogunate took power but was too weak to
gain control of Japan. With the loss of
centralized rule, Japan splintered into many
competing factions.
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Ambitious Men
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Find the Main Idea What features defined Japan
s feudal warrior society?
Answer(s) Samurai gave military service in
exchange for property or payment shoguns ruled
in the name of the emperor daimyo were powerful
warlords.
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The Tokugawa Shogunate

• Strong Central Government
• Tokugawa leyasu established capital at quiet
  fishing village, Edo, now Tokyo
  
• Established strong central government
• Tokugawa shoguns brought about period of relative
  unity, peace, stability

• Tokugawa Rule
• Tokugawa shoguns closely controlled daimyo, who
  still held local level power
  
• To keep loyal, shoguns required daimyo to live in
  Edo periodically, leave families there year-round
  as hostages
  
• Forced daimyo to maintain two residences attempt
  to preclude from rebelling

• Prosperity
• Stability, peace of Tokugawa rule brought
  prosperity to Japan
  
• Agricultural production rose, population and
  cities grew
  
• Economic activity increased
• New roads linked main cities, castle towns,
  improving trade

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Rigid Feudal System

• Top of Society
• Under Tokugawa rule, Japans strict feudal system
  more rigid
  
• At top of society, emperor
• Only a figurehead

• Shogun, Daimyo
• Next was shogun, held real power as military
  ruler
  
• Below shogun, daimyoowed shogun loyalty

• Ruling Warrior Class
• Under daimyo, samurai who served them
• Emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai made up ruling
  warrior class

• Three Lower Classes
• Below ruling warrior class were three classes
• Peasants, artisans, merchants

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Lower Classes

• Rules
• Members of lower classes could not rise in social
  status
  
• Could not serve in military or government, or
  hold government positions that might challenge
  power of warrior class

• Peasants
• Peasants made up vast majorityabout 80
  percentof Japans population
  
• Forbidden to do anything but farming
• Supported selves by growing rice, other crops on
  daimyo, samurai estates

• Honor and Some Status
• In Japan, farming considered honorable trade
• Peasants enjoyed relatively high status, just
  below samurai
  
• However, peasants paid most of taxes, led hard
  lives

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Artisans and Merchants

• Below peasants were artisans
• Artisans often lived in castle towns made goods
  like armor, swords
  
• Merchants at bottom of society
• Not honored because did not produce anything
• Merchants often grew wealthy
• Could use wealth to improve social position

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Relations with the West
The prosperity of the Tokugawa Period went hand
in hand with Japans increasing contact with
Europeans. Initially the Japanese welcomed Europ
ean traders and missionaries and the new ideas,
products and technologies that they brought.
By 1650, Japan had shut its doors to all
Europeans except the Dutch. Japan continued this
policy for more than 200 years.
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Feudal Culture
Japans growing cities became centers of culture
during the feudal period.
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Summarize What changes did Tokugawa rulers imp
ose on Japanese society?
Answer(s) They required daimyos to live in Edo
periodically and make expensive processions, some
family members were kept hostage in Edo, a strict
social structure was maintained, and they
isolated Japan from outsiders.
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Medieval Korea

• In 1392, powerful general, Yi Song-gye gained
  control of Korea
  
• Established Choson kingdom
• Choson, or Yi, dynasty became one of Koreas
  longest ruling dynasties
  
• Lasted until 1910
• Formed government based on Confucianism

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Japan and China as Foes
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Analyze How did foreign influences both help a
nd hurt Korea?
Answer(s) helpedKorea's government was formed
on Confucianism, which was a foreign influence
harmedChinese and Japanese invaded Korea
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VideoThe Impact of the Samurai Tradition on
Japan Today
Click above to play the video.