Talking With Dogs

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Talking With Dogs

• Alison Carr
• December 6, 2005

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Breed Groups
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Sporting Group

• The AKC says
• Naturally active and alert, Sporting dogs make
  likeable, well-rounded companions. Remarkable for
  their instincts in water and woods, many of these
  breeds actively continue to participate in
  hunting and other field activities. Potential
  owners of Sporting dogs need to realize that most
  require regular, invigorating exercise.

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What Breeds?

• American Water Spaniel
• Brittany
• Chesapeake Bay Retriever
• Clumber Spaniel
• American Water Spaniel
• Brittany
• Cocker Spaniel
• Curly-Coated Retriever
• English Cocker Spaniel
• English Setter
• English Springer Spaniel
• Field Spaniel
• Flat-Coated Retriever
• German Shorthaired Pointer

• German Wirehaired
• Pointer
• Golden Retriever
• Gordon Setter
• Irish Setter
• Irish Water Spaniel
• Labrador Retriever
• Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
• Spinone Italiano
• Sussex Spaniel
• Vizsla
• Weimaraner
• Welsh Springer Spaniel
• Wirehaired Pointing Griffon

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what they have in common

• Every breed in the Sporting group has been
  specifically bred for field work.
  
• Bred to work in a partnership, one-on-one, with a
  human.
  
• Similar physical characteristics
• Drop ears
• Low set tail
• Domed skull

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Hound Group

• The AKC says
• Most hounds share the common ancestral trait of
  being used for hunting. Some use acute scenting
  powers to follow a trail. Others demonstrate a
  phenomenal gift of stamina as they relentlessly
  run down quarry. Beyond this, however,
  generalizations about hounds are hard to come by,
  since the Group encompasses quite a diverse lot.
  Some hounds share the distinct ability to produce
  a unique sound known as baying. You'd best sample
  this sound before you decide to get a hound of
  your own to be sure it's your cup of tea.

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What Breeds?

• Afghan Hound
• American Foxhound
• Basenji
• Basset Hound
• Beagle
• Black and tan Coonhound
• Bloodhound
• Borzoi
• Irish Wolfhound
• Norwegian Elkhound
• Dachshund

• Otterhound
• Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
• Pharaoh Hound
• Rhodesian Ridgeback
• Saluki
• Whippet
• Scottish Deerhound
• English Foxhound
• Greyhound
• Harrier
• Ibizan Hound

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what they have in common

• The hound group is what is referred to as a
  split group
  
• Sighthounds
• Scenthounds
• Other

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Hound Group Sighthounds

• Ex. Greyhound, Whippet, Saluki, Ibizan Hound
• Bred to work in pairs or packs
• Bred to track quarry by sight in large open
  areas, using speed and agility, independent of
  humans
  
• Shared physical qualities
• Thin skinned
• Light bone structure
• Deep Chested
• Rose or drop ears

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Hound Group Scenthounds

• Ex. Foxhound, Beagle, Harrier, Bloodhound
• Bred to work in pairs or packs
• Bred to hunt quarry by smell over a variety of
  terrain (including forests), cooperating with
  pack via vocal communication
  
• Shared physical qualities
• Dewlap on neck
• Severe drop ears
• Gay (upright) tails

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Hound Group Others

• Ex. Rhodesian Ridgeback, Irish Wolfhound
• Bred to work alone or in pairs
• Bred to locate and track large quarry, and take
  down (or assist hunter in taking down). Example
  RR are bred to hunt lions
  
• Shared physical qualities
• Deep chested
• Low set tails
• Large size

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Working Group

• The AKC says
• Dogs of the Working Group were bred to perform
  such jobs as guarding property, pulling sleds and
  performing water rescues. They have been
  invaluable assets to man throughout the ages.
  Quick to learn, these intelligent, capable
  animals make solid companions. Their considerable
  dimensions and strength alone, however, make many
  working dogs unsuitable as pets for average
  families. And again, by virtue of their size
  alone, these dogs must be properly trained.

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What Breeds?

• Akita
• Alaskan Malamute
• Anatolian Shepherd Dog
• Bernese Mountain Dog
• Black Russian Terrier
• Boxer
• Bullmastiff
• Doberman Pinscher
• German Pinscher
• Giant Schnauzer
• Great Dane
• Great Pyrenees

• Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
• Komondor
• Kuvasz
• Mastiff
• Neopolitan Mastiff
• Newfoundland
• Rottweiler
• Portuguese Water Dog
• Saint Bernard
• Standard Schnauzer
• Samoyed
• Siberian Husky

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what they have in common

• The Working group is another split group
• Livestock guardian breeds
• Protection breeds
• Multi-functional/Miscellaneous breeds

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Working Group Livestock Guardian Breeds

• Ex. Anatolian Shepherd, Great Pyrenees, Komondor,
  Kuvasz
  
• Bred to work with minimal human interaction
• Raised as part of the herd they are protecting,
  they will guard to the death
  
• Shared physical characteristics
• Large size
• Drop ears
• Heavy Coat

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Working Group Protection Breeds

• Ex. Neopolitan Mastiff, Giant Schnauzer,
  Bullmastiff, Rottweiler, Doberman Pinscher
  
• Bred to work with extensive owner interaction
• Fiercely loyal, will not back down when
  confronted
  
• Shared physical characteristics
• Short drop ears (often cropped)
• Low set tail (often cropped)
• Large size
• Heavy Build

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Working Group Multi-functional/Miscellaneous

• Ex. Akita, Samoyed, Portuguese Water Dog, Black
  Russian Terrier
  
• Bred for multiple purposes retrieving and
  guarding, guarding and hunting companion,
  pulling/draft breeds etc.
  
• Varied physical characteristics

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Terrier Group

• The AKC says
• People familiar with this Group invariably
  comment on the distinctive terrier personality.
  These are feisty, energetic dogs whose sizes
  range from fairly small, to quite large.
  Terriers typically have little tolerance for
  other animals, including other dogs. Their
  ancestors were bred to hunt and kill vermin. Many
  continue to project the attitude that they're
  always eager for a spirited argument. In general,
  they make engaging pets, but require owners with
  the determination to match their dogs' lively
  characters.

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What Breeds?

• Airedale
• American Staffordshire Terrier
• Australian Terrier
• Bedlington Terrier
• Border Terrier
• Bull Terrier
• Carin Terrier
• Dandie Dinmont Terrier
• Glen of Imaal Terrier
• Irish Terrier
• Kerry Blue Terrier
• Lakeland Terrier
• Standard Manchester Terrier
• Miniature Bull Terrier
• Miniature Schnauzer

• Norfolk Terrier
• Norwich Terrier
• Parson Russell Terrier (formerly Jack Russell
  Terrier)
  
• Scottish Terrier
• Sealyham Terrier
• Skye Terrier
• Smooth Fox Terrier
• Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
• Staffordshire Bull Terrier
• Welsh Terrier
• West Highland Terrier
• Wire Fox Terrier

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what they have in common

• Bred to hunt rodents, but typically have a high
  prey drive and will go after any small animal
  
• Bred for a bold temperament
• Bred to work independently with minimal human
  assistance
  
• Shared physical characteristics
• Square build
• Short, upright tail
• Small prick, drop, or rose ears
• Wire haired

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Toy Group

• AKC says
• The diminutive size and winsome expressions of
  Toy dogs illustrate the main function of this
  Group to embody sheer delight. Don't let their
  tiny stature fool you, though - - many Toys are
  tough as nails. If you haven't yet experienced
  the barking of an angry Chihuahua, for example,
  well, just wait. Toy dogs make ideal apartment
  dogs and terrific lap warmers on nippy nights

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What Breeds?

• Affenpinscher
• Brussels Griffon
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
• Chihuahua
• Chinese Crested
• English Toy Spaniel
• Havanese
• Italian Greyhound
• Japanese Chin
• Maltese

• Miniature Manchester Terrier
• Miniature Pinscher
• Papillon
• Pekingese
• Pomeranian
• Poodle
• Pug
• Shih Tzu
• Silky Terrier
• Toy Fox Terrier
• Yorkshire Terrier

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what they have in common

• Bred primarily as companions, although some
  served to hunt rodents in homes
  
• Bred for an amicable temperament
• Shared physical characteristics
• Small size
• Light bone structure
• Exaggerated appearances

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Non-Sporting Group

• What the AKC says
• Non-sporting dogs are a diverse group. Here are
  sturdy animals with as different personalities
  and appearances. Talk about differences in size,
  coat, and visage! Some, are uncommon sights
  in the average neighborhood. Others, however,
  have quite a large following. The breeds in the
  Non-Sporting Group are a varied collection in
  terms of size, coat, personality and overall
  appearance.

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what they have in common

• NOT a split group
• All had original purposes for development other
  than companionship, but have moved away from
  them
  
• Shared physical characteristics
• none

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Herding Group

• What the AKC says
• The Herding Group, created in 1983, is the
  newest AKC classification its members were
  formerly members of the Working Group. All breeds
  share the fabulous ability to control the
  movement of other animals. The vast majority of
  Herding dogs, as household pets, never cross
  paths with a farm animal. Nevertheless, pure
  instinct prompts many of these dogs to gently
  herd their owners, especially the children of the
  family. In general, these intelligent dogs make
  excellent companions and respond beautifully to
  training exercises.

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what they have in common

• Bred for a strong herding instinct

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Intra-species Communication

• Dogs have 3 natural methods of communications
• Auditory
• Visual
• Olfactory
• Breed determines prevalent communication choice

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ANGRY
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SAD
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HAPPY
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Auditory Communication

• Most useful in situations with limited visibility
  (long distances, in brush, etc.)
  
• Common sounds
• Bark- may be defensive, in play, in greeting,
  call for attention/help, or a warning
  
• Grunt- may be a greeting or an indication of
  satisfaction
  
• Growl- may indicate defensiveness, threatening,
  or be in play
  
• Whine- may be a measure of greeting, discomfort,
  a call for attention, an indication of
  submissiveness, or in pain

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Visual Communication

• Body language is the dogs most important
  communication tool
  
• Factors in body language
• Tail, ear, and head carriage
• Posture
• Mouth motions
• Eye contact
• Hair
• General movement

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Olfactory Communication

• Dogs have a superbly well developed and large
  olfactory epithelium
  
• Olfactory communication is frequently used in a
  dog declaring territory, since marking lasts
  for a long period of time
  
• Olfactory communication methods
• Feces/anal gland secretion
• Urine
• General body odor

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Breed Communication Differences

• A dogs breed is a large determining factor in
  his communication methods
  
• Scenthounds prefer olfactory communication, and
  spend a great deal of time absorbed in smelling
  their surroundings
  
• Many hunting and breeds prefer auditory
  communication, since they were bred to work with
  humans
  
• ALL breeds place a lot of emphasis on visual
  communication
  

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Can you identify this dog emotion?
SUBMISSION
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Inter-species Body Language

• In the wild
• While the majority of animals only have to
  understand the nuances of their own species
  
• An animal must have minimal understanding of the
  body language of his predators and his prey
  
• Canis familiaris
• Dogs have an excellent understanding of human
  body language and tone of voice
  

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Canine Body Language

• Visual signs of a submissive dog
• Rounded back
• Avoiding eye contact
• Flattened ears
• Squinted eyes
• Tucked tail
• chewing motion with lips/licking nose or lips
• Alternating weight on front legs (in attempt to
  get closer to ground)
  
• Crouching down
• Submissive urination
• Rolling onto back
• Shivering
• Pulling back upper lip while squinting
  eyes/licking
  

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Canine Body Language

• Escalating submission
• Dogs are fight/flight/freeze animals
• If a dogs flight options are closed and his
  freeze option is ignored, a submissive dog still
  may bite
  
• Signs of a fear aggressive dog
• Submissive facial expression
• Braced body

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Canine Body Language

• Visual signs of a dominant dog
• hard stare
• Raised hackles
• Erect ears
• Raised tail
• (may wag slowly)
• Stiff, upright body posture
• Curled upper lip, exposing tooth AND gum
• Advancing to object of aggression
• bouncing weight to alternating front legs
• Marking behaviors

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Canine Body Language
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What Does Aggression mean?

• Dominance and aggression are not synonymous
• Canine aggression comes in many forms
• Redirected
• Inter-dog
• Play
• Possession
• Food-related
• Territorial
• Predatory
• Protective
• Fear
• Idiopathic
• Maternal
• Pain
• Dominance

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Submissive Posturing
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What is not considered true aggression?

• Herding
• Corrections

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Physical Traits of Dogs

• Tail types

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Training methods

• The same training method will not necessarily
  work on all breeds of dog

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