Starling predation on Armadillidium vulgare

1
Starling predation on Armadillidium vulgare
2
Exploitation of a vascular plant by a fungus
Arabis hoelbollii Rockcress a host Montane and
subalpine zones talus slopes, gravelly
stream-banks

Puccinia monoica a rust pathogenic Population
growth based on spore dissemination Strategy
control meristematic growth ofthe host plant
3
Dispersal of spores
Pseudoflower
4
Herbivory consumption of primary producers

• What effect do caddisflies (Helicopsyche
  borealis) have on algae sps.

Experimental setup
5
Influence of elevating tiles on colonization
Caddisflies
Other benthic invertebrates
6
Excluding Helicopsyche borealis
Bacterial density
Algal biomass
7
Mutualism (/ relationships)

• Interactions that improve fitness of individuals
  of both species.
• Facultative Mutualism a species can live without
  its mutualistic partner.
• Obligate Mutualism survival of a species depends
  on the relationship.
• Margulis and Fester amassed evidence eukaryotes
  originated as mutualistic associations.

8

• Coral reefs
• Biodiversity
• C. 500,000 species in coral reef ecosystems
• Paradox high productivity in nutrient
  impoverished water.

9
Mutualism Corals (Cnidarians) and protists
(dinoflagellates)
Colony of coral polyps
10
A coral polyp
x
Dinoflagellates are protists most
free-living Unicellular, flagellated,
photosynthetic Energy (10 90)
1 million/cm2 surface
11
Corals and crustaceans
A mutualistic crab lipid rich mucus
12
Mutualistic crabs and shrimp. Restricted to
corals therefore, relationship is obligate (vs.
facultative) Protection against sea
star Predators E.g., Crown-of-thorns
13
Protection from epibiota
No crabs
Crabs
14
Epibiota growth Coral
growth Coral mortality
15
Corals and echinoderms
Corals require bare surfaces for
colonization Competition for space with
algae Sea urchins consume both corals and
algae Trade off /
16
Predatory coral denizen (moray eel) and cleaner
wrasse
/0
/