SPES project: an Advanced Exotic Ion Beam Facility at LNL

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SPES projectan Advanced Exotic Ion Beam
Facility at LNL
LNL-INFN(REP) 145/99
Michele Comunian INFN Laboratori Nazionali di
Legnaro
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• Overview of LNL and status of PIAVE project
• SPES Project (study and production of exotic
  species)
• Reference design and RD programs
• linac up to 100 MeV
• spes target
• reacceleration
• SPES initial phase description of the funded
  facility
• Source
• lebt
• rfq
• mebt
• bnct target
• linac up to 20 MeV.
  

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The Legnaro National Laboratories

• Found in 1960
• 130 people as Staff (30 people at Accelerator
  division)
• A total base budget of about 8 M per year from
  INFN (without personal cost)
• Accelerators present now at LNL
• 2 MeV machine for material study.
• Van de Graff electrostatic ( 7 MeV 3 µA
  (protons or Deuterium)
• Tandem up to 15 MeV (Heavy Ions)
• Tandem SC (1/4 Wave resonators) Linac
  (ALPI) up to 30 MeV.
• ECR SC RFQ (PIAVE) Linac (more Heavy
  Ions)
• Main goals of the LNL are
• fundamental nuclear physics experiment at
  low energies
• interdisciplinary study on gravitational
  force, matter structure
• and preparation of cern experiment
  (lhc)

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SPES
New LNL area
entrance
Exp. Halls
ALPI
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ALPI Superconducting LINAC
CW heavy ions
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EXPERIMENTAL HALL 3
ALPI
COLD BOX
SPES RIBs
PIAVE
EXPERIMENTAL HALLS 1, 2
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Commissioning Layout from the ECR ion source to
the SRFQ
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Bunch width measurements
About 400 ps FWHM 3H 56 capture
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Emittance device
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Total of Emittance measurement done in 2000 on
PIAVE LEBT
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Summarized of emittance measured in 2000
I1current before PD1 s5beam size av. after
buncher I5current after buncher
Nominal emittance for the RFQ 0.1 mmmrad RMS
norm.
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PIAVE Cryostat Installation tests
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PIAVE Status beam in october
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SPES Project

• The aim of project SPES is to produce radioactive
  species by an ISOL facility.
• The first stage (SOURCE RFQ) has been made as
  part of the TRASCO project (Waste Transmutation
  studies).
• The total project is VERY BIG! Respect our lab
  size.
• The first part of the project (linac up to 20
  MeV) has been found.
• Our first goal is to produce 30 mA 5 MeV proton
  been for Boro neutron capture therapy (BNCT) an
  experimental cancer therapy.

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LE Nuclear Physics Stable and unstable beams
Nuclear Physics related Fields
Nuclear Physics
LNL,LNS
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First generation RIB facilities (Few kW Beam
Power)
ISOL facilities
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Next generation RIB facilities (Beam Power
exceeding 100 kW)

• RIKEN

• RIA

• GSI
• EURISOL

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THERE IS STILL A ROLE FOR THE EUROPEAN NATIONAL
LABS (GANIL, LNL)
EXCYT,TRIUMF, GANIL ORNL,REX ISOLDE, LOUVAIN LA
NEUVE
?
RIA
UPGRADING
GSI, RIKEN
some M tens of M 100 M
400 M - 800 M
105 p/s 106 p/s 108,9 p/s
pnA
tens
100kW 2010?
few kW 2003
10-20 kW 2005-8
up to 5 MW 2012-15

We think YES
NETWORKING of complementary projects (SPES,
SPIRALII)
By G. Fortuna
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Two superconducting linacs
238U
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SPES block diagram
Be converter
BNCT
Source TRIPS
U target
5 MeV
ISCL
RFQ
Ion source
100 MeV
Isotope separator
Charge breeder
Charge state separator
BRIC
High resolution spectrometer
ALPI
Exp.
SRFQ
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SPES
Target area
BNCT
Driver linac
Exp. Halls
ALPI
(d)
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SPES lay-out
isobar separation
RIBs production
Ion trap area
RIBs target Hot Cells
breeder
Ion source
Reaccelerator RFQs
Driver Linac
BNCT treatment
100 meters
RF and services
S
Existing TANDEM-ALPI-PIAVE complex
W
E
N
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Sn13218 in ALPI with stripper (up to 15.7 MeV/u)
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UCx
RIB production target
Converter
Superconducting main linac
Proton injector
Beam dump
BNCT moderator
RFQ
Trips
LEBT
rastering
TRASCO RFQ
Low energy high current applications
A/q3 upgrade
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which will be the first step in the direction of
this challenging facility ?

• Taking into account
• The boundaries in terms of limited resources at
  LNL
• The European framework for the development of
  RIBs in the main laboratories.
• It was decided to launch SPES FI (fase iniziale)
  that will be
• a first significative step in the direction of
  SPES and EURISOL,
• a very good test for the high intensity community
  (ADS)
• able to serve a community of interdisciplinary
  physics and medical users
• The total investment will be about 18.7M over 5
  years

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Converter

• SPES fase iniziale
• Completion and installation of the 5 MeV 30 mA p
  injector
• Development and construction of the thermal
  neutron facility for BNCT
• Development and construction of the
  superconducting p linac up to 20 MeV
• Continuation of the RD program on RIB
  production targets

Superconducting main linac 20 MeV
Proton injector
Beam dump
BNCT moderator
RFQ
Trips
LEBT
rastering
TRASCO RFQ
Low energy high current applications
A/q3 upgrade
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• Milestones in the first 3 years (INFN three year
  plan)
• 2004 Production of the Rapporto Tecnico
  Dettagliato, and the first design of the
  building. Production of the documentation
  necessary to begin the licencing procedure
• 2005Installation at LNL of the high intensity
  source TRIPS and of the
• LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport), e test of beam
  characterstics at high and intermediate current
  (30, 10 e 5 mA). Test of the prototype of in Be
  converter with e-beam. Tender for the building
  construction.
• 2006 Conclusion of the RFQ construction,
  assembling of the 6 modules and low power tests.
  Completion of the cryogenic tests of the
  superconducting cavity prototypes.

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TRIPS TRASCO p source (off resonance
RF)developed at LNS (Catania)RF off resonance,
30 mA, 80 kVEmittance device from Saclay
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Effect of neutralization on emittance in TRIPS
provisional line
en.rms 0.15 mm-mrad
en.rms 0.09 mm-mrad
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Trajectory Plot
Emittance Plot
Example of AXCEL code simulation
TRIPS ECR Source design
Parameters optimization as a function of
different puller electrode voltages
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SPES baseline LEBT design
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Electron Trap Design
Electron trap has a conical shape and cone
aperture angle is optimized to diminish the power
density in case of mismatched beam
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TRASCO-SPES 5 MeV 30 mA CW RFQ
352 MHz 7.2 meters long 800 kW RF power (1 Kly) 8
Couplers 4500 Liter/min water cooling 33 MV/m
Surface field
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TRASCO-SPES RFQ Design parameters
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RFQ out for various input currents
5 mA
10 mA
30 mA
50 mA
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Halo Parameterization
Associated to the beam profile projection on
phase plane axis. Not kinematical invariant
Beam Profile Parameter
hq ltq4gt/lt q2gt2 - 2
I2 ltq2gtlt p2gt - ltqpgt2
Beam Halo Parameter
I4 ltq4gtlt p4gt 3 ltq2 p2gt2 4 ltq p3gtltq3 pgt
H (3 I4) 1/2 / 2 I2 2
Kinematics invariants of motion
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Halo parameters for a 10 mA beam
Halo
Beam distribution at RFQ out for 10 mA input
current
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Beam Parameters vs. input current
Halo Limit 1 for gaussian beams
Transversal phase-space may be considered halo
free for all currents
Longitudinal phase-space presents a halo
structure increasing with current
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VANE MODULATION
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TRASCO RFQ first and second module
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ANSYS (Fluid dynamics) and HFSS (RF) simulation
on RMS section
Input water velocity of 4 m/s
Max Temperature of 30 oC
Turbulence
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TRASCO RFQ RF HIGH POWER SYSTEM

• The RF system layout is inspired to LEP NC.
• 8 power couplers are foreseen
• Our nominal RF level per coupler is equal to
  about 100 kW
• Doorknob coupler geometry optimization
  (minimum reflection (?Couplerlt0.1) _at_ f352.2
  MHz) as well as field power calculation studied
  with HFSS simulations.

Simplified scheme of the RF power distribution
system
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• WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM
• 1st Splitting Stage
• Standard WG Full Height Waveguides (a584 mm,
  b292 mm).
• Absorption of 2nd harmonic signal by array of
  antennas terminated with 50 O (hundreds of watts)
  loads.
• 2nd and 3rd Splitting Stage
• WG 2300 Half Height Waveguides (a584 mm, b146
  mm)
• Hybrid Magic Tee junctions for RF
• power splitting
• Phase shifters and capacitive posts in order to
  reduce phase errors are foreseen
• Field simulations performed with HFSS
• Total Length about 60 m (about 25 kW power loss
  _at_1 MW input power)

RF waveguide system
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• POWER COUPLER
• Main issues
• Minimum reflection (VSWRlt1.05)
• Power density
• Acceptable perturbation on the E-field
• in the RFQ.
• Half-Doorknob (WG to coax) transition
• 50 O coaxial line (inner radius8.7 mm,
• outer radius 20 mm)
• RF Windows (LEP kind)
• RF Power level per window 100 kW
• Optimization of DK dimensions with HFSS
• simulations.
• Drive loop
• Inductive coupling
• Loop area optimized via HFSS simulation
• in order achieve optimum coupling

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THERMO-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (ANSYS) Input
data RF power density given by HFSS Power
dissipation of 600 W (HFSS data for 100 kW of
input power overestimated of a factor 2). Max
power density15 W/cm2 Channel temperature20
C Results the deformation does not exceed 0.1
mm. This implies that the loop area will vary at
most of 8 and consequently the coupling
coefficient will vary of 3.4. This value will
shift VSWR from 1 to 1.03.
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First module after second brazing process
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RF measurementson first module
S12 parameter before (RED) and After second
brazing (BLUE) versus frequency
Q about 7000 for the open structure
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Objectives 2004 (RFQ)

• Integrate project of subsystem
• Start the constructions of the final 4 modules

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MEBT DESIGN
ISCL

• Two Current range
• 1-10 mA 30-35 mA
• Normal Conducting
• B lt 0.8Tesla
• Two 3-gap Bunchers

RFQ

• Straight direction to ISCL
• 90 Bend to BNCT

BNCT
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Preliminary Trace 3D simulations30mA
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Parmila rms emittance _at_ 30 mA
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Parmila max amplitude _at_ 30 mA
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I 35 mA at BNCT Target
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Target for the BNCT

• Development of neutron converter in Be and/or 13C

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p energy
Number of neutrons (above 2 MeV) produced for
each proton in the whole solid angle
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Neutron production_at_different beam power
Flux of neutrons (above 2 MeV) in the whole solid
angle for a thick beryllium target as function of
p energy.
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Explodet view of the target unit
1, 2. Be target 3-6. Target body 7. Flange
connection to D2O 8. Flange connection to
accelerator 9. Water cooling manifolds 10.
Graphite collimator
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BERYLLIUM NEUTRON CONVERTER INFN-LNL and Efremov
S. Petersburg Collaboration
Best results Maximum heat flux at regime (10
cycles) 15 16 MW/m2 Maximum heat flux at
thermo-cycling regime 12 MW/m2, 4500
cycles 13 MW/m2, 1000 cycles
Thermal shock
No-melted tile with cracks
Melted tile with cracks
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The SPES-BNCT Project (INFN Legnaro) An
experimental thermal neutron beam facility aimed
at the treatment of skin melanoma
The physical principle of BNCT is based on the
nuclear reaction that occurs when the stable
isotope 10B is irradiated with thermal neutrons
to yield 4He nuclei and recoiling 7Li.
The densely ionising fission fragments have
ranges in soft tissues (8 µm for the ? particle,
5 µm for the lithium ion) smaller than cell
diameter (10 µm). Therefore only the boron
loaded tumour cell will be injured.
The SPES-BNCT project aims to develop a thermal
neutron source by using the intense proton beam
provided by the 5 MeV, 30 mA RFQ injector of the
LINAC accelerator designed do produce radioactive
beams (SPES project). The aim is to obtain an
intense enough thermal neutron beam minimizing
both the fast neutron and gamma component
contamination.
5MeV 30 mA
Schematic sketch of a thermal irradiation
facility for BNCT treatment
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Linac Layout

• Final Energy 20 MeV
• Linac done with SC reentrant cavity
• MSU SC quadrupoles NC magnets
• Input current I10 mA
• 2 cryostat of about 6 meters
• First cryostat 18 cavities, 10 magnets
• Second cryostat 20 cavities, 8 magnets
• Emittance input 0.206 0.202 0.240 (rms n
  mmmrad, MeVdeg)
• Emittance output 0.210 0.210 0.253 (rms n
  mmmrad, MeVdeg)
• Linac simulated with PARMILA Np100000

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A. Facco - SPES meeting LNL 11-3-2003
Superconducting Reentrant cavity

• Developed for high intensity beams
• 352 MHz, single gap, aperture 30 mm
• Wide velocity acceptance5?100 A MeV

• Successfully tested at 4.2K
• Free from high field multipacting
• Ea 7.5 MV/m _at_7W

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LNL-MSU Superferric quadrupole magnet

• Developed at MSU-NSCL in collaboration with
  INFN-LNL for superconducting linacs
• Very compact, to be used inside
  cryostats-magnetic shielding required
• tested at 300K test at 4.2 K to be done

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LINAC up to 20 MeV
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Parmila simulation at linac input with
distribution from RFQ
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Linac output at 20 MeV I10 mA
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conclusions

• The facility SPES, based on a 100 MeV proton
  linac, allows 1013 f/s.
• An initial step, 20 MeV and high intensity proton
  linac, has been approved.
• An intense RD program on accelerators, targets
  and ion sources is pursued.