ORNITOLOJI BIO 446

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ORNITOLOJI - BIO 446
TÜYLER RENK
Dr. Zafer Ayas -2005
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TÜYLER
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Kus Tüyü
Tüylerin Fonksiyonu uçma, vücut sicakligini
koruma, esleri tanima, kamuflaj, su geçirmeme,
gösteri (kur-saldiri)

• Tüyler çok hafiftir ama oldukça güçlü ve
  esnektir...
• Tüyler keratinden yapilmistir...
• Tüyün ortasina saft eksenine aya denir...
• Kuslarda 1,000 - 25,000 adet tüy vardir....
• Kuslarda türe, eseye, yasa, mevsime göre
  çesitlilik gösterir...

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Contour feathers constitute the majority of
feathers found on a bird's body. They make up
the "contour" or outline of the bird, and are
the feathers you can see. They are often colored
on the ends, which are visible, and gray at the
base. Remiges (wing feathers) and rectrices
(tail feathers) are contour feathers, as are the
visible smaller size feathers on the wings
(coverts) and body.
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Semiplumes are downy in texture, with no
interlocking barbs. They are hidden under the
contour feathers, and add insulation.
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Down feathers are soft fluffy feathers found
under the contour feathers and are found on most
parts of the body. They have the shaft shorter
than the longest barbs. These feathers add
insulation and help keep the bird warm and
dry. A special kind of down, called powder down
is found scattered among the other feathers on
the body. These fray at the tips of the barbs,
producing a dry dust which helps the feathers
repel water when it rains.
Filoplumes have a long shaft with a little tuft
of barbs at the end. There are usually two
associated with each contour feather. They
probably serve a sensory function, letting the
bird know if the contour feathers are lying flat
or are twisted. They may be 1/2-2 cm long. On
many songbirds the filoplumes on the back of the
neck stick out beyond the contour feathers and
can be seen if you look closely. They can often
be seen on fresh chicken wings from the grocery
store.
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Bristles are hairlike feathers where the barbs
are reduced, and there are no barbules to
connect the barbs together. They are usually
found on the faces of birds, and serve as
whiskers around the mouth, and as eyelashes.
There is a bird called the Bristle-thighed
Curlew which has bristles on the upper legs. The
function of these is unknown.
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Tüy Bakimi- Tarama (preening)
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Feathers have evolved to serve a variety of
functions --- flight, heat conservation,
waterproofing, camouflage, and display. Each
feather consists of a tapering shaft bearing a
flexible vane on either side. The exposed base of
the shaft is called the calamus or quill. If
viewed by cross section, the calamus is round and
hollow. An opening at the bottom of the calamus,
called the lower umbilicus, allows blood to enter
the young feather during its short growth period.
When its growth is completed, the feather is
sealed off and, although a separate muscle
situated in the skin may be move it, the feather
itself is "dead." The stiff shaft running
through the center of each feather is called a
rachis, and the inner and outer vanes carried by
the rachis are composed of a row of barbs,
arranged side by side. Each barb in turn contains
many tiny branches, set side by side, called
barbules. Six types of feathers shown above are
contour, semiflumes, filoplumes, down, powder
down and bristle.
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