Enabling Innovation in

1
Enabling Innovation in Nanotechnology Anne
Chaka Program Office Office of the
Director National Institute of Standards and
Technology Department of Commerce
2
Outline

• Overview of NIST
• Nanotechnology at NIST
• Enabling innovation through measurement science
  and standards
• User facilities and engagement models
• The Future Driving the right science forward
• NIST a neutral forum for precompetitive
  discussion of common issues and best practices
  across industrial sectors
• How to achieve performance by design?
• Specific engagement opportunities (Wizards
  Workshop)

3
Background

• NIST is the U. S. National Measurement Laboratory
• Promotes U.S. innovation and industrial
  competitiveness by advancing measurement science,
  standards, and technology in ways that enhance
  economic security and improve our quality of
  life.

4
NIST has ...three joint institutes
JILA NIST University of Colorado
Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology
(CARB) NIST University of Maryland
Hollings Marine Laboratory NIST NOAA South
Carolina University of Charleston Medical
University of South Carolina
5
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to
...facilitate trade
international standards to counteract TBTs
secure automated banking
electric power metering
www.time.gov billions of hits daily
volume and flow standards
6
Pushing the Frontier of Measurement Science
Stretching a single DNA Molecule with optical
tweezers
Focused beam of light
Trapped bead
Force range 100 fN - 100 pN
7
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to
...advance manufacturing and services
semiconductor electronics
automobile manufacturing interoperability
lean manufacturing of plastics
fuel cell technology
pharmaceuticals
healthcare
chemicals
8
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to
...improve public safety and security
wireless interoperability among first responders
Trace explosives detection portal
metal detectors
smoke detectors
standards for body armor
novel sensors to detect gases
altimeter calibration
9
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to
improve quality of life
prostate and breast-cancer treatment
drinking water quality
cholesterol standard reference material
database and measurements for alternative
refrigerants
standards for sulfur in fossil fuels
10
NIST Products and Services Include

• Measurement Research
• 2,200 publications/year
• Standard Reference Data
• 90 types available
• 5,500 units sold/ year
• Standard Reference Materials
• gt1,300 products available
• 31,000 units sold/year
• Calibrations and Tests
• 3,000 items calibrated/year
• Laboratory Accreditation
• 819 accreditations
• Standards Committees
• 440 NIST staff, 970 committees

11
NIST Has a 930 Million Budget
Baldrige National Quality Program 7.3M
Advanced Technology Program 79.0M
Construction 173.6M
Manufacturing Extension Partnership 104.6M
NIST Laboratories 387.5M
estimated
12
NIST Consists of Several Operating Units
The Laboratories

• 2,800 employees
• 1,800 guest researchers
• 1,400 field associates

13
NIST has...
...world-class staff
Eric Cornell 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics
Bill Phillips 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics
Jan Hall 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics
Greg Linteris 2 Space Shuttle missions
Debbie Jin 2003 MacArthur Fellowship
Anneke Sengers 2003 LOréal-UNESCO Women in
Science Award
14
Mechanisms for Industry to Work with NIST

• Research consortia
• Cooperative research and development agreements
• Sponsor guest researchers in NIST Labs
• Less formal collaborations between NIST
  researchers and their peers in industry,
  academia, and other government agencies are also
  common.
• Major user facilities
• NIST Center for Neutron Research
• NIST Center for nanoscale Science and Technology
• Small manufacturers wishing to modernize, improve
  productivity, and increase efficiency can seek
  assistance through NIST's nationwide
  Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. NIST
  MEP centers are located in every state to offer
  local manufacturers assistance with a variety of
  technical and business problems.

15
NIST has ...strong partnerships
16
Manufacturing Extension Partnership
The MEP is a nationwide network that provides
hands-on help to smaller manufacturers.
Business assistance includes Quality
management Human resource development Financial
planning Technical assistance includes E-commerc
e Process improvement Plant layout Product
development Energy audits
17
Validated Simulations and Immersive Visualization
18
NIST has ...unique user facilities
NIST Center for Neutron Research

• Is the most reliable, capable, cost efficient,
  and most used U.S. neutron facility for cold
  neutron research in the United States (from OSTP
  report)
• Serves over 2000 research participants per year
• Currently undergoing expansion and reliability
  enhancement
• 30 increase in the number of cold neutron
  instruments
• The NCNR would serve at least 500 more
  researchers per year
• New measurement capabilities that do not exist in
  U.S. today.

19
NIST has Advanced Measurement Laboratory

• 338 reconfigurable lab modules
• 8,520 square-meter Nanofabrication Facility
  (Class 100/ISO 5 cleanroom)
• Several labs
• Class 1000/ISO 6 or better
• Humidity /-1
• 36 labs /- 0.1 C
• 12 to /- 0.01 C

NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

• A multidisciplinary user facility aimed at
  converting discovery to products leveraging
  NISTs unique physical assets and skills
• Develop the necessary instrumentation,
  measurement science, and standards
• Materials and process characterization to enable
  scaled-up, reliable, cost effective
  manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures,
  devices, and systems

20
Nanotechnology at NIST
The NNI has designated NIST as the lead agency on
Nanoscale measurement science, instrument
calibration, standard reference materials, and
nanoscale physical and chemical properties
standard reference data.

• Across NIST there were about 120 nanotechnology
  related projects that reported notable
  accomplishments for FY 2004-2005.
• Printed report is available
• CD
• Hardcopy

21
NNI and IWG Workshops at NIST
Grand Challenge WorkshopInstrumentation and
Metrology for Nanotechnology

• Composition 1/3 Industry, 1/3 Academia, 1/3
  Government
• Over 250 attendees
• Report is completed and available

http//www.nano.gov
Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for
NanomanufacturingOctober 17-19, 2006
http//www.mel.nist.gov/nano.htm
22
Increasing Need for International Measurement
Standards
Global Trade Mutual Recognition of Measurements
Standards Deregulation of Utilities Natural
Gas, Electricity New Environmental
Regulations Clean Air Act Amendment Increased
technical barriers to trade EU IVD Directives,
GMO Issues Global Policy Issues Global Climate
Change
23
ESH Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory

• Established in Frederick, Maryland, by
• National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
  (NIST)
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Perform preclinical ?efficacy and toxicity
  testing of nanoparticles
• Requires well-characterized reference
  nanomaterials
• Physical characteristics
• In vitro
• In vivo
• NIST typically receives nanomaterials for
  ?characterization near the commercialization
  ?stage.
• ncl.cancer.gov

24
NCI/NIST/FDAGold Nanoparticle Size Standard
80 nm
10 nm
25
MEL Nanomanufacturing Program

• MEL Nanomanufacturing Program is providing a
  toolbox to emerging nanomanufacturers for
• Measurement science, theory, modeling,
  simulation, and instrumentation for accurate
  measurements
• Instrument control processes and standards
• Nanofabrication and nanolithography
• Measurement tools for all aspects of
  nanotechnology

26
Measurements, Standards, Data for the Nanoscale
Imaging Magnetic Nanostructures
Molecular Electronics
Nanoconstriction domain wall
Cantilever Fabrication for Lateral Force
Measurement
Nanomechanics and Tribilogy Measurements
Nanoscale Dimensional Standards
Surface Standards for Biomaterials
Linewidth Standards
27
Customers and Collaborations moving to
Nanomanufacturing

• Personal care products
• Cosmetics, sun lotions
• Automotive
• Coatings
• Energy
• Catalysis
• Health
• Nanobots
• Drug delivery
• IVD devices
• Electronics
• Terabyte storage capacity
• Molecular electronics

28
NIST Wizards Workshop

• Bring together wizards from Forest Products and
  Paper Industry with other industrial sectors and
  academia to discuss common problems and solutions
  at a precompetitive level
• Identify and define crosscutting issues
• Assemble followup teams to develop roadmaps and
  collaborative research efforts to drive forward
  solutions to critical issues
• Tentatively scheduled for late fall
• Planning is underway
• Forming the organizing committee
• Soliciting feedback and input

29
NIST Wizards Workshop

• Technology and Science areas identified for
  Forest and Paper Products at a preliminary
  meeting at NIST, June 7, 2007.
• Nanocomposites, matrix and bulk properties
• Strength to weight, mechanical properties
• Electronic, optical properties
• Interfaces and surface treatments
• ESH
• Nonbonded/noncovalent interactions
• Separations and fractionalization
• Molecular water
• Measurements, characterization, and modeling
  under each category.

30
Summary of Joint Chemical and Semiconductor
Industry Research Needs and Recommendations NIST J
uly 17, 2006

• Don Anthony - President and Executive Director
• The Council for Chemical Research
• Mike Garner Manager of External Materials
  Research
• Intel
• Daniel Herr Director, Nanomanufacturing
  Sciences Research
• Semiconductor Research Corporation

31
Chem-Semi Joint Research Needs

• Chemical Semiconductor Industries independently
  developed Nanotechnology Needs Roadmaps
• Jointly Identified Common Nanotechnology Research
  and Infrastructure Needs
• Goal Designed nanomaterials with predictable
  properties
• Fundamental Understanding of
• Controlled nanostructure synthesis
• Quantitative nanostructure - property
  correlations
• Metrology
• Predictive Modeling
• Environment Safety Health Requirements

32
Chem-Semi Joint Modeling Needs Technical

• Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials
• Nanomaterial Surface Chemical Reactivity
• Nanomechanical Interface Properties
• Electronic Properties Transport
• Self Assembled Material Properties
• Mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic
  properties
• Chemical reactivity

33
Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Collective

• National Institute of Standards and Technology
• The Dow Chemical Company
• BP Amoco Chemical Company gt Innovene
• Army Research Lab
• Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
• 3M Company
• DuPont
• ExxonMobil
• Case Scientific

BP
Mitsubishi Chemical Company
http//fluidproperties.org/
34
Technical Approach From Data to Innovation
ROLES
INNOVATION
Industry utilizes software for product and
process development Software companies
packaging, user interfaces, manuals, user support
Industrial problem
Plastics
Paints
Foods
Drug design
Water treatment
Concrete
Application
Self-assembly, molecular recognition

• Software companies, academic researchers,
  industrial partners
• Develop efficient methods, software
• Validate against NIST reference data, Standard
  Reference Simulations

Simulations for derived performance properties
Dispersion/aggregation
Oil/water blood/lipid partitioning
Solubility/precipitation
Bioavailability
Simulation Testbed
Assessment methods, protocols
NIST Develops, verifies, validates, and assesses
uncertainty in standard reference calculations.
Analyzes sensitivity of results to input
variables. Determines additional experiments
needed to establish range of model validity.
Simulation test bed Tools to validate and
assess reliability simulations
Bayesian uncertainty analysis
High Performance Computing
Multiscale methods
Partition quantum wavefunction into interaction
components
Numerical error estimation
Theory Measurement
Infrastructure
Measurements to quantify fundamental interactions
Data to calibrate, validate fundamental models of
chemical, material properties
Hydrophobic groups with range of shapes X 20-30
hydrophillic chemical functional groups
Electrostatics range of polar polarizable
molecules
H-bonding strength
NIST Close collaboration between theorists,
experimentalists to select representative species
to bracket range of physics
Salts,minerals
Tautomers
Pka range
Metal complex speciation
Solubility, calorimetry, and speciation in water
across range of pH, temperature, and ionic
strength
Industry advises on priorities
DATA
35
Thank you