WHO 1012

1
WHO 1012

• Before History

2
The Early Complex Societies, 3500- 500 BCE

• PP 2-3
• Read aloud as class

3
Prehistory

• What is Prehistory?
• - History before writing
• - First writing begins about 5,500 BC in
  Mesopotamia Egypt
  
• History is period after development of writing,
  record keeping, documentation,
  

4
First People of Prehistory

• Human like beings appeared 4- 5 million years
  ago!!!
  
• Modern human appeared 40,000 years ago

5
Progress of People

• Australopithecus
• ?
• Homo Erectus
• ?
• Homo Sapiens

6
Australopithecus

• Lived 2-4 million years ago
• Lived in Africa
• Walked up right

7
Australopithecus

8
Australopithecus

• Ethiopia - Northern/ Eastern Africa

9
Australopithecus

• Skeleton Discovery in Ethiopia
• Lucy
• 46
• 55 lbs
• Bipedal
• Brain 500 cc (modern brain 1400 cc)
• Date of death3.5 million years ago!

10
Lucy

11
Later Hominids

• Home Erectus
• Believed to have appeared in Africa about 2
  million years ago
  
• Larger brain capacityabout 1000 cc
• Migrate out of Africa
• Move to Europe and Asia (Recently a Homo Erectus
  was was found in Georgia! 1.5 mill years old?)
  

12
Homo Erectus

• Larger brain, smaller
• Teeth
• Used tools, fire

13
Homo Sapiens

• Homo Sapiens
• Human Beings
• Largest brain
• Most sophisticated tools
• Language System
• Religion/ Culture/ Art
• Modern Humans often called Homo Sapiens Sapiens

14
Homo Sapiens

• Descendents of Homo Erectus
• Originated in Africa
• Live in every inhabitable place

15
Spread of Hominids

• Map

16
Early Man

• By 13,000 BCE
• Homo Sapiens in every inhabitable part of the
  world
  

17
Paleolithic Era

• Old Stone Age
• 2 million years ago
• Time between Australopithecus and Homo Erectus
• Paleolithic People
• Hunters and Gathers
• Followed Natural Leaders

18
Social Equality of Early Man

• Nomadic cultures dont emphasize land ownership/
  wealth
  
• Status based on charisma, hunting skills, age..
• Men Hunt
• Women Gather

19
Paleolithic Settlements

• Abandoned Nomadic life
• Created settlements
• Natufian Society (modern Israel Jordan)
• Jimson Society (Japan)
• As early as 13,000 BCE, permanent settlements
  created.
  
• Animal herding
• Craftsmen emerged

20
Neolithic Era

• New Stone Age, beginning 9,000 BCE
• Tools
• Men herd animals rather than hunt
• Spread of agriculture
• Domesticated plants and animals, especially wheat
  and barley, sheep and goats

21
Surplus Food Specialization of Society

• Emergence of villages towns
• Pottery, Jewelry, Tools
• Development of Crafts

22
Social Distinctions

• Land Wealth
• Social Stratification

23
Beginnings of Urbanization

• Focus on wealth leads to
• Craft specialization
• Social stratification
• Government
• Culture

24
Read Article

• Working in groups of 2 or 3
• Read The Life of Early Man
• Answer assigned questions (Each group member must
  turn in a copy)

25
Discussion Questions

• Who were the earliest humans?
• Are they our relatives or ancestors? Whats the
  difference?
  
• What is evolution?
• Why do people argue against this theory?

26
Discussion Questions Cont

• How did Nomads live?
• What is the Neolithic Revolution? How did it
  change life?