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GasolineRelated Injuries and How to Prevent Them

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Title: GasolineRelated Injuries and How to Prevent Them


1
Gasoline-Related Injuries and How to Prevent
Them
2
Preventing Gasoline-Related Injuries
Developed by American Burn Association Burn Pre
vention Committee
Funded by United States Fire Administration/ Fe
deral Emergency Management Agency
3
Fire and Burn Death and Injury
  • Deaths
  • 4,000 deaths a yearfrom fire and burns
  • Injuries
  • 25,000 hospitalized in burn centers
  • 600,000 burn injuries treated at hospital EDs

(Sources National Fire Protection
Association,National Center for Health
Statistics)
4
What We Should Know About Gasoline
  • Dangers of gasoline and related products
  • The proper use of gasoline
  • Preventing gasoline injury
  • Immediate injury treatment

5
The Impact of Gasoline Fires and Injuries
  • 500 fire deaths
  • Several thousand injuriestreated at hospitals

  • 6,000 home fires
  • 450M property damage
  • Sources National Center for Health Statistics
  • National Fire Protection Association

6
Gasolines ONLY Proper Use is
  • TO POWER ENGINES

Gasoline-powered Engines Require a Constant Expl
osion of Fuel
7
Gasoline Should Never Be Used as.
  • An accelerant (to a cooking grill or any fire)
  • A solvent
  • A cleaning solution
  • A weed or insect killer
  • A mind-altering substance
  • A fuel in devices designed for kerosene

8
Usual Initial Source of a Gasoline Explosion
  • Its the vapor

9
Flammable Liquid/Gas Danger Factors
  • Flash Point
  • Vapor Density
  • Flammable Range
  • Accessibility

10
Danger Factor 1 Flash Point
  • DefinitionThe temperature at which a product
    releases vapors that can explode and burn. The
    lower the flash point, the greater the danger.
  • Flammable Vapors are released that can
    explode
  • and burn at temperatures below 100F
    (38C)
  • Combustible No ignitable vapors are
    released at temperatures below 100F (38C)

11
Flash Points of Common Liquids and Gases
12
Danger Factor 2 Vapor Density
  • Definition The ratio of a products vapor to
    the density of air. (Air 1)

13
Danger Factor 3 Flammable Range
  • Definition
  • The range of concentration of a gas or vapor in
    air, between its lower and upper explosive
    limits, that will burn if ignited.
  • Beyond this range, products are too lean or too
    rich for their vapors to ignite
  • Gasoline has a high flammable range
  • (Lower Explosive Limit1.4 Upper Explosive
    Limit7.6)

14
Gasoline-Related Injuries Occur
  • In outdoor recreation
  • On the job
  • In and around the household

15
Most Gasoline-Related Injuries Occur
  • In and around the household
  • Improper storage or handling
  • Misuse as cleaning liquid, heater fuel, etc.

16
Gasoline Vapor Risk Factors Combine Indoors
  • Low flash point (more ignition sources)
  • High density (vapors descend to floor)
  • Wide flammable range (less ventilation)

17
High Risk Areas for Gasoline Vapor Ignition
  • Basements and Closed Garages
  • - Most likely areas for gasoline storage and
    use
  • - May have little air movement
  • - May contain ignition sources

18
Potential Gasoline Vapor Ignition Sources
  • Smoking items(cigarettes and lighters)
  • Heater and furnace pilot lights
  • Refrigerators and freezers
  • (motors may spark when activated by
    thermostats)

19
What Other Liquids and Gases Can Be Dangerous?
  • Propane
  • Kerosene
  • Turpentine
  • Ethanol (grain alcohol)
  • Methanol (wood alcohol)

20
Kerosene Heater Dangers
  • Mistaken use of gasoline as fuel
  • Contact or scald injury to young children
  • Combustion of papers placed nearby
  • Ignition of carpets or rugs if saturated from
    frequent spills

21
Other Household ProductsSubject to
Ignition Under Certain Conditions
  • Products
  • Turpentine and other paint thinners
  • Solvents
  • Tile Adhesive
  • Conditions
  • When the vapor of a large amount of exposed
    liquid or solid product comes into contact with a
    spark or other flame source

22
Propane and Gas Grill Safety
  • Store propane bottles in well ventilated areas
    away from house, potential flame sources
  • Check all connections frequently
  • Keep lid open when starting grill
  • Open valve only 1/4 to 1/2 turn before lighting
  • Keep valve closed when not in use

23
Charcoal Grills Safe Lighting Procedure
  • Use only approved lighter/starter fluids
  • Use mitt when lighting coals
  • After soaking the coals with starter fluid
  • Wait a minute before lighting
  • Allow vapors to dissipate

24
Charcoal Grills Cooking and Extinguishing
  • Keep children away
  • Never add starter fluidto warm or hot coals
  • Keep a water supply handy in case of a
    fire emergency
  • When extinguishing coals,use ample water

25
How Can Gasoline-related BurnsBe Prevented?
  • Proper Use
  • Proper Storage
  • Proper Fueling Practice
  • Proper Transportation

26
How Should Gasoline Be Stored?
  • In an approved portable container
  • In a small quantity
  • Away from the houseor mobile home
  • In a cool, well-ventilated area
  • With a Class Bfire extinguisher handy
  • Inaccessible to children

27
An Approved Gasoline Container
  • Is
  • Bright red
  • Labeled GASOLINE
  • Small enough to carry
  • Has
  • Two tight-fitting caps
  • The seal of a standards organization

28
How Should Portable Gasoline Containers Be
Filled?
  • Place the container on the ground
  • At least 5 feet from engine or power equipment
  • Keep dispensing nozzle in contact with lip of
    container or fuel tank fill tube
  • Fill slowly
  • Do not fill to capacity

29
How Should You Transport Gasoline?
  • Use approved container
  • Wipe off any gas spilled on container
  • Secure to prevent sliding, tipping in vehicle
  • Keep filled container in shade
  • Transport filled containers only for short
    distances

30
What is Huffing?
  • A frequent form of solvent abuse
  • Can result in
  • Euphoria
  • Unsteady walk
  • Confusion
  • Long-term physical damage

31
Why is Huffing with GasolineEspecially Dangerous?
  • Gasoline can spill on clothing
  • Cigarette or other flame source may ignite gas
    vapors or saturated clothing
  • Compromised huffer may be unable to extinguish
    or escape flames

32
Other Forms of Gasoline Exposurethat Present
Health Risks
  • Skin Contact
  • Eye Exposure
  • Lung Exposure
  • Swallowing
  • Extensive exposure can affectthe entire body
    system

33
First Aid for Gasoline Exposure
  • Move victim to fresh air
  • Remove affected clothing, shoes, jewelry
  • Flush 20-30 minutes with running water
  • Eyes Blot chemical and flush with water
  • DO NOT induce vomiting provide water
  • Call 9-1-1 and the National Poison Control Center
    at 1-800-222-1222

34
First Aid for Gasoline Flame Burns
  • Protect yourself from similar injury
  • Remove victim from flame source
  • Stop burning process by smothering flames
  • Remove burned clothing that does not stick to the
    body
  • Cool body with running water
  • Cover victim with clean sheet or blanket
  • Call 9-1-1
  • Keep gasoline-saturated clothing and belongings
    away from ignition sources

35
In Summary.
  • Gasolines only purpose is to fuel engines
  • Storing gasoline in the house is dangerous
  • Handle, store and transport gasoline safely
  • Wash off or flush gasoline quickly if skin or
    eyes are exposed to gasoline
  • For flame injuries, follow first aid guidelines

36
Conclusion
  • Gasoline-Related Burns Are Preventable!
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