Cooking and Heating

1
Cooking and Heating
Stansport Portable Outdoor Butane Heater
Mr. Heater Portable Buddy Indoor Safe Propane
Heater
Portable Heaters Cookers
Portable Camping Stoves Ovens
Sun Oven Solar Cooker
Sun Oven Solar Cooker
Sun Oven Solar Cooker
Portable Propane Radiant Heater
Canned Fuel Candle Cookers
Camping Fire Pits Portable Cooking Grills
2
Camping Stoves

• Some of life's most memorable moments are shared
  as friends and families eat great-tasting meals
  around a warm campfire. For years,
  Preparedness.com has been selling the Camp Chef
  stove line as well as the Coleman Company and
  Stansport indoor and outdoor stoves and cooking
  accessories. The outdoor camping stoves and
  cookware products have enhanced the quality of
  life for families everywhere. Choosing a
  Camping Stove Selecting a camping stove is easy
  once you know the choices and have decided what
  type of camping trips your family will be taking.
  Stoves can have one, two or three burners. They
  will use propane, butane, white gas ("Coleman
  fuel"), unleaded gasoline, or kerosene. Here is
  the info you need in order to pick a stove for
  your trips.Size It will be easier for your
  first few trips if the stove has at least two
  burners. This will allow you to use nearly all
  the same food as at home. With two burners, you
  can have a typical two-pot meal, like pasta on
  one burner and sauce on the other. You can even
  add a third pot by heating up one dish and
  setting it aside while you heat the
  others.Brands like Coleman and Stansport
  typically offer a couple versions of each
  two-burner stove, with the difference being the
  space for the pots. The "standard" sizes are
  adequate for most small families, and with a
  little creativity and planning, can function well
  for up to ten persons. This size can be a good
  choice for larger families if there will be a
  campfire which could be used to heat some dishes.
  Otherwise, you might want to try the extra large
  size stove, as it will accommodate larger pots
  and may even put out more heat.

3
White Gas/Fuel

• White Gas ("Coleman") FuelYou will encounter
  all the fuels named above such as propane,
  butane, white gas ("Coleman fuel"), unleaded
  gasoline, or kerosene. However, I recommend only
  two real choices - propane or white gas ("Coleman
  Fuel").The white gas stoves will product the
  most heat of any camping stoves. It burns cleanly
  without any odor or effect on food taste. If you
  spill the fuel it will evaporate very quickly and
  will not leave an odor. This is very important -
  sooner or later some fuel will spill on your hand
  or clothes, maybe even on your table. No problem
  though.Many of the white gas stoves now come in
  a "dual fuel" version. This will allow you to use
  unleaded auto gas. Many campers use the auto gas
  and are satisfied with it. However, if you spill
  it or get it on your hands, you will have a hard
  time getting rid of the odor (check your hands
  the next time you fill up at the self service gas
  station).I recommend using only the white gas
  in the dual fuel stoves, unless you run out and
  can't buy any - then use a little unleaded gas.
  This is the advantage to the dual fuel
  stoves.The main advantage of the unleaded fuel
  over white gas is cost. Auto gas is about 3.50
  to 5.00 per gallon, while white gas is about
  4.50. I feel the extra cost for the few gallons
  of white gas used each year is worth paying so
  you get the cleanliness of this fuel.

4
Liquid Fuel or Propane Canister?

• Stoves are essentially divided into two kinds -
  liquid fuel and canister. Liquid fuel stoves
  range in size from the three-burner giant Coleman
  you grandfather used with his cast iron skillet
  to make pancakes (those were the days, no?) to
  lightweight backpacking stoves that weigh next to
  nothing. Prpane canister stoves would be the
  same, if you consider a 15-pound propane tank a
  canister.

5
Following is a summary

• Propane burns cleanly and produces a hot, steady
  flame. It works well in very cold temperatures
  and at high altitudes. However, the gas canisters
  for propane have thick metal walls, making them
  unsuitable for applications where weight is
  important (e.g. mountain or long distance
  backpacking).Butane and Isobutane burn well and
  work at high altitudes. However, they are not
  very hot and do not work well at low temperatures
  (under 40º F. or 4º C.) as the gas doesn't
  vaporize well. However, the gas canister is
  lighter than for Propane.Propane Butane
  blends combine the benefits of Propane (work well
  at cold temperatures) and Butane (relatively
  light canister). The higher the percentage of
  Propane, the better the performance under cold
  conditions.Before purchasing a given type of
  gas, ensure that your gas stove accepts that type
  of gas. Also check that the connection on the gas
  bottle fits your stove (there are many different
  types of gas connections, which vary by country,
  manufacturer of gas canister and even type of
  gas).With some gas stoves the gas canister
  connects directly to the stove whereas with
  others the gas canister connects via tubes or gas
  lines. The former tends to be a lighter and
  simpler package overall. If the gas canister
  connects directly to the stove, the stove may
  have been designed with a specific type of
  canister (and maybe even a specific manufacturer
  of canister) in mind check compatibility before
  you buy. Liquid Fuel Camping Stoves Choosing a
  type of fuel With liquid fuel stoves, in
  addition to the intended type of liquid fuel
  (e.g. white gas or Coleman fuel) the stoves often
  will burn a variety of different liquid fuels
  (e.g. diesel, kerosene, petrol, gasoline, etc.).
  While these alternative fuels are generally
  inferior to the standard liquid fuels (and in
  some cases will clog the stove), they are readily
  available almost anywhere. Consequently, if
  travelling in undeveloped countries or remote
  regions where standard camping stove fuels are
  unavailable, the ability to use these backup
  fuels may be important to you. Here is a short
  summary of liquid fuels White Gas or Coleman
  fuel. Burns cleanly and provides a strong heat
  (allowing fast cooking). It performs well in most
  weather conditions. If spilled it evaporates
  quickly and without leaving an odour (an
  important point as it is almost certain that you
  will spill some at some time). Widely available
  in North America but may be difficult to find in
  many countries. Coleman fuel is a proprietary
  version of white gas which has been (or so it is
  claimed) specifically for Coleman stoves.
  Alcohol. Burns cleanly and is a relatively safe
  fuel. If spilled it evaporates quickly and
  without leaving an odour (an important point as
  it is almost certain that you will spill some at
  some time). However, if burns cooler than other
  fuels (cooking takes longer) and less efficiently
  (poor heat to weight ratio). It is also
  relatively expensive. With clear alcohol it can
  be difficult to see the flame, which can be a
  safety issue. Kerosene. Widely available in
  almost all countries and inexpensive. However, it
  is a dirty fuel and can gum up fuel lines,
  requiring more cleaning and maintenance of your
  stove. The fumes smell and are toxic. However,
  somewhat safer than gasoline (see immediately
  below). Unleaded gasoline (Widely available and
  relatively inexpensive, but burns very dirty. It
  also tends to gum up fuel lines. If it spills it
  can ignite easily and under certain conditions
  can explode. The fumes smell and are toxic.
  Consequently, an undesirable fuel which should
  only be used if no suitable fuels are available.
  

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Here is a short summary of liquid fuels

• White Gas or Coleman fuel. Burns cleanly and
  provides a strong heat (allowing fast cooking).
  It performs well in most weather conditions. If
  spilled it evaporates quickly and without leaving
  an odour (an important point as it is almost
  certain that you will spill some at some time).
  Widely available in North America but may be
  difficult to find in many countries. Coleman fuel
  is a proprietary version of white gas which has
  been (or so it is claimed) specifically for
  Coleman stoves. Alcohol. Burns cleanly and is a
  relatively safe fuel. If spilled it evaporates
  quickly and without leaving an odour (an
  important point as it is almost certain that you
  will spill some at some time). However, if burns
  cooler than other fuels (cooking takes longer)
  and less efficiently (poor heat to weight ratio).
  It is also relatively expensive. With clear
  alcohol it can be difficult to see the flame,
  which can be a safety issue. Kerosene. Widely
  available in almost all countries and
  inexpensive. However, it is a dirty fuel and can
  gum up fuel lines, requiring more cleaning and
  maintenance of your stove. The fumes smell and
  are toxic. However, somewhat safer than gasoline
  (see immediately below). Unleaded gasoline
  (Widely available and relatively inexpensive, but
  burns very dirty. It also tends to gum up fuel
  lines. If it spills it can ignite easily and
  under certain conditions can explode. The fumes
  smell and are toxic. Consequently, an undesirable
  fuel which should only be used if no suitable
  fuels are available.

7
Canned Fuel Candle Cookers

• All of these emergency heat and cooking kits are
  an incredibly simple source of heat and cooking
  and light. light the wick or fuel gel and your
  ready to go! Ideal emergency preparedness,
  camping, boating item. Canned fuels are very
  versatile and are great to use in a variety of
  applications to cook and warm including emergency
  kits, trekking, boating, picnics, hunting,
  backpacking, heating your tent, RV, camper and
  more.To extinguish to flame, simply replace the
  lid on the can or with the "Snap-on-Stove"
  damper. Relight the fuel at any time for
  continued burning.All of our canned fuels are a
  clean burning, self contained source of
  dependable heat and are safe for indoor use. All
  may be used for a variety of applications.Each
  can of canned cooking and heating fuel provides
  many hours of light-heat-cooking. Each kit comes
  with a can of fuel and attachable reusable
  cooktop. Replacement cans of fuel sold below.

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Campfire Grill
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Stansport Portable Outdoor Butane Heater

• Certified For Indoor Outdoor Use!A must have
  disaster preparedness item!Uses easy to find
  and install Disposable Propane Cylinders!CLICK
  ON PICTURE TO VIEW PORTABLE BUDDY IN ACTUAL
  USE!The latest evolution in a small heater is
  here! Portable Buddy from Enerco/Mr. Heater now
  takes portable heat to another level - 9000
  BTU/HR with the capacity to heat up to 200 square
  feet of space for up to 110 hours (on low
  position)using a 20 lb propane cylinder. Will
  provide heat up to 6 hours using an easy to
  install disposable cylinder. Great little heater
  for camping, fishing, hunting and emergency
  preparedness.Dual-position heat settings of
  4,000, 9,000 BTU/HR control comfort level.
  Built-in oxygen shutoff sensor and tip-over
  switch ensures indoor safe operation (adequate
  ventilation must be provided see operating
  instructions).Certified by CSA International
  (American Gas Association), Mr. Heater's portable
  Buddy Indoor Safe Heater features a low oxygen
  safety shutoff pilot to provide safe, reliable
  propane heat indoors.

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Mr. Heater Portable Propane Radiant Heater,
Model MH12TS

• Mr. Heater's original portable Radiant propane
  heater, the single burner with sparklite
  electronic push button start, is an 8,000 to
  14,000 BTU radiant propane heater. This unit
  mounts to your standard 5 to 20-pound propane
  barbecue tank. This heater has a high, medium,
  and low regulator. It also features a safety
  shutoff and thermocouple. The single propane
  heater will operate for approximately 30 hours on
  high, 45 hours on low, on a 20-pound cylinder.
  This heater is great for the outdoor enthusiast.
  Designed for outdoor use only.

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EcoFuel XB Canned Cooking Heating Fuel

• Eco-Fuel is safe for indoor use!Camping
  Hiking, Boating Emergencies. Non-explosive,
  Non-hazardous!ECO-FUEL XB IS THE ONLY CANNED
  FUEL THAT CAN BRING WATER TO A BOIL!ENCAPCELLON
  TECHNOLOGYPatented "Encapcellon Technology"
  creates a unique combustion at the top of the
  canned fuel and eliminates spills. Eco-Fel XB
  canned fuel Keeps food hotter longer with no
  danger of alcohol gel fires, and more heat than
  wicks. Safer, easier to use, cost
  effective.This fuel is clean burning. Free from
  toxic fumes and 100 biodegradable. Each can
  features a dual temperature lid that allows you
  to control the heat for 5 hours of cooking at 400
  degrees or 10 hours of warming at 200
  degrees.EcoFuel XB (Extended Burn) is the
  safest and best performing canned heat for
  cooking or warming with no offensive odors!

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Stansport Portable Outdoor Butane Heater

• The Stansport portable outdoor butane heater
  gives you ultra-quiet, reliable operation in a
  compact design. It offers matchless (does not
  require power to light) lighting with an
  electronic ignition (built-in). Camp heater gives
  warmth up to 6,000 BTU. Great personal heater for
  the outdoors. A must have when ice fishing,
  hunting, camping, tailgate parties, patio,
  etc.We do not ship butane gas canisters. 8 oz.
  butane canisters cost a couple of bucks each and
  can be purchased at many hardware and camping
  stores.

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Cooking inside the tentNOT!!

• . Many people advise that this should never be
  done, due to safety risks and also due to the
  possibility of damage to the tent or contents.
  However, if you decide to ignore this advice,
  ensure that the stove flame and any other stove
  surfaces are well away from any items that can
  melt or burn (such as your tent walls, roof,
  sleeping bags, etc.). Also, ensure that there
  is some ventilation, to avoid risk of carbon
  monoxide poisoning.

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Propane Fuel

• The second fuel option is propane. Propane does
  not give out as much heat as the white gas
  stoves, but it has some very significant
  advantages for family camping.First, propane
  stoves are much easier to use. The propane comes
  in bottles that are screwed into the stove, not
  poured into a small tank's filler spout. It will
  not spill. All you need to do to start the stove
  is turn on the gas, and light the burner - just
  like home. There are even propane stoves with
  built in electronic starters - just like home.
  This feature makes the transition from cooking at
  home to cooking at camp easier for most
  people.Second, propane stoves are available for
  use with small fuel bottles, or even large RV
  type bottles. If you start camping a lot, you
  will find that the small bottles may be very,
  very, convenient, but very, very expensive.
  However, if you buy a stove that has a hose to
  screw into a larger fuel tank, you can get a
  better price at the RV refill center. You will
  also save a lot of bottle changes that can happen
  right in the middle of cooking your meals.The
  propane tanks come in 5, 10 and 20 pound sizes. A
  typical patio gas barbeque grill has a 20 pound
  tank. The BBQ tank could be hooked up to a stove
  for the camping trip. Another option with the
  propane tank approach is to get the optional
  attachment that will supply propane to a lantern
  from the same tank. Now you will have a light in
  your "kitchen."This may be more than you really
  want for starting out. But if you start with the
  disposable-bottle type propane stove, you can
  grow to the tank version later.

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Coleman ProCat PerfectTemp Portable Indoor
Safe Room/Tent Heater with InstaStart

• Safe Forced air heat in a portable heater!
  Designed for indoor use!Great for warming up
  tents and other smaller spaces.the ProCat
  PerfectTemp is a fantastic piece of gear that's
  very handy for any chilly outdoor excursion. So
  if you like to stay warm, but don't feel like
  burning up your favorite gear, then check out the
  Coleman ProCat PerfectTemp.Coleman now has
  the answer for cold outdoor enthusiasts -- the
  ProCat PerfectTemp Heater. The ProCat
  PerfectTemp is a portable platinum catalytic
  heater that has been approved for use inside
  tents, campers, ice-fishing shacks, garages or
  even a duck blind. Essential for heating small
  rooms during power outages and a great piece of
  equipment for emergency preparedness.The reason
  the ProCat PerfectTemp is different from most
  heaters is that it's completely flameless, so you
  don't have to worry about melting your expensive
  tent. But, even though it's approved for inside
  use, you still need to allow the ProCat
  PerfectTemp ventilation by unzipping your tent's
  window a little, or cracking the window of your
  camper.The ProCat PerfectTemp is housed in a
  sturdy heavy-duty plastic shell and is 15 inches
  tall by 11 inches wide. The 8-inch heater head
  puts out 3,000 BTUs, which is more than enough
  for a tent or small room.Designed for indoor
  useHeater operates with or without
  batteriesSilent, flameless heat sourceUse the
  fan for better heat circulation (2 D Batteries
  not included) Battery-operated fan provides
  increased heat circulation up to 20 hours (2 D
  Batteries not included)Electronic
  InstaStartignition for easy, matchless
  lighting3,000 BTU of safe indoor
  heatingCatalytic heater with platinum technology
  provides flameless safe warmthPressure-regulated
  propane fuel systemOperates up to 7 hours on
  16.4 oz. propane cylinders found at most all
  hardware and sporting good storesCatalytic
  flameless warmth, 3,000 BTU , electronic
  ignition, operates up to eight hours on a 16.4
  oz. cylinder (not included), wt 7 lbs

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Portable Heaters

• Mr. Heater Big Buddy Portable Indoor Safe
  Propane Heater

17
Solar Cooking/Heating

• Solar cooking requires only your oven and a sunny
  day. Brightness of the day, and not outside air
  temperature is the most important factor. Solar
  cooking entails a few basic principles
  reflection, concentration, the green house effect
  and absorption. Solar ovens have properly
  arranged reflective inner walls to direct and
  concentrate the sun's energy on the dark pot or
  dark bottom tray.Solar cooking requires some
  oven adjustments to suit your situation and
  needs. For instance early in the morning or late
  in the day the angled sun's rays aren't as
  strong, but you can still cook in the sun. You
  simply aim the oven at the sun. Even cloudy days
  permit some low temperature cooking . Your food
  will continue to cook as long as you have 20
  minutes of sun an hour. Shelter from the wind, as
  strong winds cool the oven. So locate the most
  sunny and wind sheltered spot, and preheat your
  oven by simply setting it up prior to cooking.
  This could take up to 45 min. You can even take
  advantage of the sun's movement to aim your
  cooker to defrost in the morning, cook in the
  day, and keep warm until dinner in the afternoon.
  All that with the sun's movement and no oven
  adjustment. If you want consistent heat, you will

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Dirty Water

• Dirty water may be caused by sediments and algae
  but often it's heavily contaminated with
  micro-organisms and sometimes even chemicals. Due
  to the many particles left in the water, when
  treating questionable water, chemical treatment
  will not always be effective. A mechanical
  filtration device may be necessary.Remember,
  the primary microorganisms of concern in most
  wilderness recreation areas are tough, hardy
  cystic parasites that resist heat and cold...
  even freezing...drought, chlorine, iodine and
  just about everything else. And while bacteria
  are relatively fragile and have very short life
  cycles, often less than a day, cysts can exist
  for months. All microorganisms of chief concern
  are invisibly small and they cannot be seen,
  smelled, or detected in any quick and easy
  manner. Accordingly, you should assume that all
  wilderness supplies are polluted.Assume All
  water you come in to contact with in the outdoors
  (and most Countries) is unsafe to drink until
  properly filtered or purified "no matter how
  clean it looks" In this section you will find the
  best products available today to handle your
  water filtering / purifying / treatment and
  testing needs.

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Water Treatment Tablets Purification Kits

• YOU MUST NOT DRINK QUESTIONABLE WATER FROM ANY
  SOURCE!Assume All water you come in to contact
  with in the outdoors (and most Countries) is
  unsafe to drink until properly filtered or
  purified "no matter how clean it looks".With
  the increased use of the wilderness there has
  also been an increase in the amount of
  bacteriological contamination of backcountry
  water supplies. The U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency reports that 90 percent of the worlds
  water is contaminated in some way. There are a
  variety of microscopic organisms that can
  contaminate water supplies and cause potentially
  serious, even fatal, illnesses among wilderness
  travelers. The major danger in the backcountry
  from these infections is fluid loss due to
  diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to
  hypovolemic shock and possibly death. In order to
  drink the water, you should be prepared to treat
  it.

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Water Disinfectant

• Polar Pure will destroy water borne pathogens,
  including giardia cysts and other micro-organism
  that pass through some filters. Ideal for camping
  back packing, boating, emergency kits and other
  survival uses. A single bottle can treat up to
  2000 quarts of water. It is cost effectiveless
  than 1 per quart. Easy to follow instruction are
  printed on the bottle. Also attached to the
  bottle is a special thermometer to tell you
  exactly the correct dose.Bottle contains
  concentrated iodine crystals that are not
  affected by age, air, or temperature. Water is
  safe to drink 20 minutes after treatment.POLAR
  PURE Water Disinfectant uses pure crystallized
  iodine in a unique delivery system to destroy
  water-borne pathogens including giardia cysts and
  micro-organisms that pass through filters.When
  used as directed, approximately 300 ppm (parts
  per million) saturated iodine solution is
  maintained in the POLAR PURE bottle. This
  saturated solution is then used to disinfect your
  water at an optimal concentration of 4-5 ppm
  iodine which will destroy Giardia cysts in 20-30
  minutes in a closed quart / liter bottle of 68
  F, 20 C water (colder water will take
  longer).Saturation concentration varies with
  solution temperature. A Liquid Crystal Dosage
  Chart on the POLAR PURE bottle shows how many
  capfuls of saturated solution to add to one liter
  or quart of water to achieve a 4 ppm solution in
  your water bottle.You may also like
• Chlor-Floc Water Treatment Purification
  Tablets
• Price 12.90 Katadyn Micropur MP1 Emergency
  Drinking Water Treatment Tablets
• Price 14.90 McNett Aquamira Water Treatment
  Drops
• Price 13.99 Aquamira FRONTIER Personal
  Survival Water Filter Straw
• Price 14.90 Stansportï½ Heavy-Duty Toilet
  Bags for Portable Toilets
• Price 4.19

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Why do we need a drinking water system?

• More people are using drinking water systems
  while camping, backpacking and traveling.
  Why?Safety. Unfortunately, most lakes, rivers
  and streams are full of microorganisms that can
  make you sick. Drinking water systems can
  eliminate these contaminants and make the water
  safer to drink. Protect yourself, because you
  never know what's in the water.Freedom. Be
  self-sufficient with a drinking water system. As
  long as there is a water source, you can have
  safe drinking water. And, lightweight drinking
  water systems won't weigh you down like carrying
  extra water.

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What's really in the water?

• Microorganisms are the primary threat in
  untreated water sources. They may be in any lake,
  river or stream, even if the water looks clean.
  Microorganisms generally come from animal waste
  and may be spread by rain and run-off.
• Beware of these 3 types of microorganisms
  Protozoa, Viruses, Bacteria

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Protozoa (2 microns and larger)

• Protozoa are the largest microorganisms (eg.
  Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Therefore, they are
  the easiest to filter out of the water. However,
  their protective shell makes them resistant to
  iodine and chlorine treatment alone. One common
  protozoa, Giardia, causes "Beaver's Fever."
• "In one study from over 10,000 samples from
  streams all across America, Alaska to Arizona,
  and they didn't find one without Giardia.
  (Chuck Hibler, Colorado State University.
  Backpacker Magazine, December 1996).

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Bacteria (.2 microns and larager)

• Bacteria range in size from 0.2 to 10 microns.
  Large bacteria may be removed by most
  microfilters, but smaller bacteria can only be
  eliminated by a very small micron size
  microfilter or a purifier. Bacteria are
  responsible for diseases such as Cholera and
  Typhoid Fever.Common bacteria are E. coli and
  Salmonella

25
Viruses (.004 microns and larger)

• Viruses are the smallest microorganisms and
  cannot be reliably removed by filtration. It was
  traditionally thought that viruses aren't a
  concern in North America, but that opinion has
  changed. Wilderness studies suggest that 60 of
  all back county illnesses are actually caused by
  bacteria and viruses. Viruses can cause serious
  health problems, such as Hepatitis, Polio and
  Norwalk Virus. Viruses can be eliminated from
  water with purification, chemical disinfection,
  or boiling.Examples of viruses Hepatitis A,
  Polio, Norwalk Virus

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What is the best way to make water safe to drink?

• PurifyingCombines chemical disinfection with
  filtration to eliminate all three types of
  microorganisms.BoilingBring the water to a
  full boil to kill microorganisms. requires energy
  source and takes time.Iodine TabletsAdd 1 or
  2 tablets per quart and wait 20 minutes to kill
  the microorganisms. Takes time and adds foul
  taste. limited effectiveness against Giardia and
  not effective against Cryptosporidium.

27
Filtering

• FilteringMicrofilters may remove protozoa and
  most bacteria. Doesn't remove viruses. May
  require frequent cleaning due to clogging.How
  do I choose a drinking water system?Use the
  Drinking Water Safety Guide to help you choose
  the best products for your needs. It organizes
  drinking water systems according to the 1
  concern safe water.Drinking Water Safety Guide
  Water System Microorganisms Eliminated
  Microbiological Micro RatingPROTECTION LEVEL
  No. 1 PURIFIER Eliminates Viruses, Bacteria and
  Giardia .004PROTECTION LEVEL No. 2 MICROFILTER
  Eliminates Giardia and Most Bacteria 0.2 to
  1.0PROTECTION LEVEL No. 3 FILTER Eliminates
  Giardia 1.0 to 4.0Purifiers 1 highest safety
  rating Eliminates Viruses, Bacteria and Giardia,
  no matter what micron sizeMicrofilters 2
  safety rating Eliminates Giardia and Most
  Bacteria, depending on their micron
  size.Filters 3 safety rating Only eliminates
  Giardia and microorganisms larger than 1 micron.

28
Let There Be Light!

• Flashlight accessories, Led Flashlight
  Accessories
• Fuel Powered Lanterns Lamps
• Battery Powered Lanterns, Battery Powered Camping
  Lanterns, Camping Lanterns
• Emergency Candles / Candle Sticks / Candle Lamps

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• Flashlight accessories, Led Flashlight
  Accessories
• Fuel Powered Lanterns Lamps
• Battery Powered Lanterns, Battery Powered Camping
  Lanterns, Camping Lanterns
• Emergency Candles / Candle Sticks / Candle Lamps
  
• Solar Flashlights and Dynamo Self Powered Lights
  
• LED Lights / Pocket / Headlamps

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Let There Be Light!

• Everything about Flashlights.WHAT? Kind of
  Flashlight Do I NeedThere are 3 basic types of
  flashlights incandescent, fluorescent, and LED.
  Each has strengths and weaknesses. but you must
  clearly decide what function you expect a
  flashlight to do before buying a battery
  flashlight, then match the function with type of
  flashlight. Each light serves a specific purpose
  and one should buy a light that fits the
  situation.

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LIGHTIncandescent, Fluorescent, LED

• INCANDESCENT FLASHLIGHTS AND LANTERNSThis is the
  basic, old-fashioned flashlight with incandescent
  bulb that you probably already have in your car
  or garage. It comes in several different types,
  going from least to most bright general,
  krypton, halogen, xenon. Industrial quality
  flashlights to general purpose flashlights can be
  found in many online camping and hardware stores.
  As brightness in the light bulb and actual
  flashlight goes up, so does the price. It might
  cost you a few dollars more to buy a high quality
  flashlight, but the better quality and the
  brighter the flashlight will last longer and
  provide a higher quality experience. The Coleman
  Company manufactures many reliable flashlights,
  they even make a waterproof flashlight and
  lantern combination. Coleman flashlights are
  proven by many years of trial in the outdoors. A
  Coleman waterproof flashlight can save the day if
  ever a flashlight ends up in the water while
  fishing or boating. Coleman flashlights are made
  in various colors like red, green silver, blue
  and so on. The ever popular Coleman lantern can
  still be found in many U.S. homes and garages.
  These Coleman lanterns are very reliable and can
  last for decades with proper use and care.
  Remember to buy the coleman brand of battery
  powered and fuel powered lanternsFLUORESCENT
  FLASHLIGHT AND LANTERNSa good quality
  fluorescent lantern or flashlight such as
  manufactured by eveready, energizer, rayovac,
  Dorcy, Coleman, Garrity are an excellent choice.
  A fluorescent lantern or flashlight will produce
  a wide area of light as needed for camping,,
  emergency preparedness, household general use,
  etc. Again when you want to buy the best
  fluorescent lantern look for the Coleman or
  energizer brand. A good fluorescent lantern is a
  must have when power fails in your home and are a
  great addition to every camping trip. Ambient
  light for the campsite for relaxing after dinner
  and using the restroom in a blackout. lightweight
  and packability are important for backpacking.
  These lights are the choice.LED FLASHLIGHT AND
  SPOTLIGHTS.These are the latest trend. An LED
  flashlight or lantern gives light that can
  actually be brighter than a conventional
  flashlight. and the battery life is many times
  longer, plus the bulbs never burn out or need
  replacing. LED bulbs can be rough handled without
  breaking unlike incandescent bulbs. Many
  companies like The Coleman Company, Dorcy
  International, Maglite, Garrity and Essential
  Gear make Great LED flashlights that can be used
  in industrial, camping, automotive and household
  use.

32
POWER FAILURE AND RECHARGEABLE LIGHTS

• Make your home or business a safer place during
  blackouts with the an Automatic Power-Failure
  Light. Just plug it into an AC outlet and it
  automatically turns on when the power goes out.
  Once electricity is restored, most units shut off
  and resume recharging. These type of lights can
  also be used as a portable lighting source,
  indoors or outdoors, thanks to a rechargeable
  battery system and built in carry handle. These
  bright fluorescent, or LED power failure lights
  offer many hours of operating time. A
  rechargeable power failure light has been
  specifically designed with safety in mind. When
  the power fails, the light immediately turns on,
  discharging a brilliant incandescent, Krypton or
  LED beam of light. As a portable flashlight, just
  unplug it and take it with you in case of an
  emergency. A must have item in any household or
  office. All power failure emergency lights
  automatically turn on when power fails to help
  guide you to safety. Ordinary nightlights provide
  comfort in the dark, but they don't have much use
  when the power goes out. The LED Power-Failure
  Light is much more than a nightlight Many of
  these rechargeable power failure lights contains
  an LED nightlight with a built-in photo sensor
  that turns the light on automatically at dusk and
  off at dawn. It also contains built-in
  rechargeable batteries that turn the ultra-bright
  light on automatically if the power goes out, and
  you can even remove the LED Power-Failure Light
  from the outlet to use its bright LED flashlight
  feature. Since many of these power-failure lights
  uses LEDs, you'll never need to replace the
  bulbs.

33
Heat, Light and Cooking In An Emergency

• To conserve your cooking fuel storage needs
  always do your emergency cooking in the most
  efficient manner possible. Dont boil more water
  than you need, extinguish the fire as soon as you
  finished, plan your meals ahead of time to
  consolidate as much cooking as possible, during
  the winter cook on top of your heating unit while
  heating your home, and cook in a pressure cooker
  or other fuel efficient container as much as
  possible. Keep enough fuel to provide outdoor
  cooking for at least 7-10 days.

34
Pressure Cooker Cooking

• It is even possible to cook without using fuel at
  all. For example, to cook dry beans you can place
  them inside a pressure cooker with the proper
  amount of water and other ingredients needed and
  place it on your heat source until it comes up to
  pressure. Then turn off the heat, remove the
  pressure cooker and place inside a large box
  filled with newspapers, blankets, or other
  insulating materials. Leave it for two and a half
  hours and then open it, your meal will be done,
  having cooked for two and a half hours with no
  heat. If you dont have a large box in which to
  place the pressure cooker, simply wrap it in
  several blankets and place it in the corner.

35
Matches

• Store matches in a waterproof airtight tin with
  each piece of equipment that must be lit with a
  flame.

36
Sterno

• Sterno Fuel a jellied petroleum product, is an
  excellent source of fuel for inclusion in your
  back pack as part of your 72 hour kit. Sterno is
  very light weight and easily ignited with a match
  or a spark from flint and steel but is not
  explosive. It is also safe for use indoors.

37
Sterno Stove

• A Sterno Stove can be purchased at any sporting
  goods store and will retail between 3 and 8,
  depending upon the model you choose. They fold up
  into a very small, compact unit ideal for
  carrying in a pack. The fuel is readily available
  at all sporting goods stores and many drug
  stores. One can of Sterno fuel, about the
  diameter of a can of tuna fish and twice as high,
  will allow you to cook six meals if used
  frugally. Chafing dishes and fondue pots can also
  be used with Sterno.

38
Sterno Concerns

• Sterno is not without some problems. It will
  evaporate very easily, even when the lid is
  securely fastened. If you use Sterno in your 72
  hour kit you should check it every six to eight
  months to insure that it has not evaporated
  beyond the point of usage. Because of this
  problem it is not a good fuel for long-term
  storage. It is a very expensive fuel to use
  compared to others fuel available, but is
  extremely convenient and portable.

39
Coleman fuel (white gas)

• When used with a Coleman stove this another
  excellent and convenient fuel for cooking. It is
  not as portable nor as lightweight as Sterno, but
  produces a much greater BTU value. Like Sterno,
  Coleman fuel has a tendency to evaporate even
  when the container is tightly sealed so it is not
  a good fuel for long-term storage. Unlike Sterno,
  however, it is highly volatile it will explode
  under the right conditions and should therefore
  never be stored in the home. Because of its
  highly flammable nature great care should always
  be exercised when lighting stoves and lanterns
  that use Coleman fuel. Many serious burns have
  been caused by carelessness with this product.
  Always store Coleman fuel in the garage or shed,
  out of doors.

40
Charcoal

• Charcoal is the least expensive fuel per BTU that
  the average family can store. Remember that it
  must always be used out of doors because of the
  vast amounts of poisonous carbon monoxide it
  produces. Charcoal will store for extended period
  of time if it is stored in air tight containers.
  It readily absorbs moisture from the surrounding
  air so do not store it in the paper bags it comes
  in for more than a few months or it may be
  difficult to light. Transfer it to airtight metal
  or plastic containers and it will keep almost
  forever.

41
Charcoal

• Fifty or sixty dollars worth of charcoal will
  provide all the cooking fuel a family will need
  for an entire year if used sparingly. The best
  time to buy briquettes inexpensively is at the
  end of the summer. Broken or torn bags of
  briquettes are usually sold at a big discount.
  You will also want to store a small amount of
  charcoal lighter fluid (or kerosene). Newspapers
  will also provide an excellent ignition source
  for charcoal when used in a funnel type of
  lighting device.

42
Lighting Charcoal with Newspaper

• To light charcoal using newspapers use two or
  three sheets, crumpled up, and a 10 tin can. Cut
  both ends out of the can. Punch holes every two
  inches around the lower edge of the can with a
  punch-type can opener (for opening juice cans).
  Set the can down so the punches holes are on the
  bottom. Place the crumpled newspaper in the
  bottom of the can and place the charcoal
  briquettes on top of the newspaper. Lift the can
  slightly and light the newspaper. Prop a small
  rock under the bottom edge of the can to create a
  a good draft. The briquettes will be ready to use
  in about 20-30 minutes. When the coals are ready
  remove the chimney and place them in your cooker.
  Never place burning charcoal directly on concrete
  or cement because the heat will crack it. A
  wheelbarrow or old metal garbage can lid makes an
  excellent container for this type of fire.

43
Charcoal40 degrees of heat/briquette

• One of the nice things about charcoal is that you
  can regulate the heat you will receive from them.
  Each briquette will produce about 40 degrees of
  heat. If you are baking bread, for example, and
  need 400 degrees of heat for your oven, simply
  use ten briquettes.

44
Charcoal with a Cardboard Oven

• To conserve heat and thereby get the maximum heat
  value from your charcoal you must learn to funnel
  the heat where you want it rather than letting it
  dissipate into the air around you. One excellent
  way to do this is to cook inside a cardboard
  oven. Take a cardboard box, about the size of an
  orange crate, and cover it with aluminum foil
  inside and out. Be sure that the shiny side is
  visible so that maximum reflectivity is achieved.
  Turn the box on its side so that the opening is
  no longer on the top but is on the side. Place
  some small bricks or other noncombustible
  material inside upon which you can rest a cookie
  sheet about two or three inches above the bottom
  of the box. Place ten burning charcoal briquettes
  between the bricks (if you need 400 degrees),
  place the support for your cooking vessels, and
  then place your bread pans or whatever else you
  are using on top of the cookie sheet. Prop a
  foil-covered cardboard lid over the open side,
  leaving a large crack for air to get in (charcoal
  needs a lot of air to burn) and bake your bread,
  cake, cookies, etc. just like you would in your
  regular oven. Your results will amaze you.

45
Making Your Own Charcoal

• To make your own charcoal, select twigs, limbs,
  and branches of fruit, nut and other hardwood
  trees black walnuts and peach or apricot pits
  may also be used. Cut wood into desired size,
  place in a large can which has a few holes
  punched in it, put a lid on the can and place the
  can in a hot fire. When the flames from the holes
  in the can turn yellow-red, remove the can from
  the fire and allow it to cool. Store the
  briquettes in a moisture-proof container. Burn
  charcoal only in a well-ventilated area.

46
Water storage is important. Having an ample
supply of safe, clean water is a top priority in
an emergency.

• A normally active person needs to drink at least
  two quarts of water each day. Hot environments
  can double that amount. Children, nursing mothers
  and ill people will need even more. You will also
  need water for food preparation and hygiene.
  Store a total of at least one gallon per person,
  per day. You should store at least a two-week
  supply of water for each member of your family.
• If supplies run low, never ration water. Drink
  the amount you need today, and try to find more
  for tomorrow. You can minimize the amount of
  water your body needs by reducing activity and
  staying cool.

47
Amount of Water to Store

• Whereas a quart of water or other fluid daily
  will sustain life, according to the Department of
  Defense and the Office of Civil Defense, it is
  recommended that a gallon of water per day per
  person be stored for food preparation and
  drinking. A gallon provides added comfort and
  accommodates increased fluid needs at higher
  altitudes or warm climates. An additional
  one-half to 1 gallon per day is recommended for
  bathing and hygiene, and to wash dishes.
• How much water should I store? The rule of thumb
  is to store at least one gallon per person per
  day for at least 3 days (for earthquake
  preparedness). Thats 2 quarts for drinking and 2
  quarts for food preparation and sanitation. A
  family of four should store a minimum of 12
  gallons of water. Personally, I recommend at
  least a 10 day supply of water and a 30 day
  supply if it all possible.

48
Use the following guidelines when storing water

• 1. Store drinking water in carefully cleaned,
  non-corrosive, tightly covered containers.
• 2. Store containers in a cool dark place. DO NOT
  store in direct sunlight. Polyethylene plastics
  (prepackaged milk and water bottles) are somewhat
  permeable to hydrocarbon vapors. Keep away from
  stored gasoline, kerosene, pesticides, or similar
  substances.
• 3. Stored tap water should be rotated every 6
  months. Prepackaged bottled water should be
  rotated once a year. Check the pull date on the
  container. Be sure it didnt sit on the stores
  shelf for a year before you purchased it. Self
  Serve Bottled Water should be rotated once a
  year, as long as the water treatment process
  includes ozonation.
• 4. Rotate your stored water with the water you
  use on a regular basis. This practice helps
  insure you dont have water stored longer than
  one year.

49
Containers That Can be Used for Water Storage

• Food-grade plastic or glass containers are
  suitable for storing water. One-, three- and
  five-gallon water containers can be purchased
  from most outdoor or hardware stores. Any plastic
  or glass container that previously held food or
  beverages such as 2-liter soda bottles or water,
  juice, punch or milk jugs, also may be used.
  Stainless steel can be used to store water which
  has not been or will not be treated with
  chlorine chlorine is corrosive to most metals.
• 55 gal drums, designed specifiacally for water
  storage can be difficult to transport, if the
  need arises, but are of a tremendous value in an
  emergency .When looking for additional food grade
  containers, the bottom will be stamped with HDPE
  (High Density PolyEthylene) and coded with the
  recycle symbol and a 2? inside. HDPE containers
  are FDA-approved for food. Containers without
  these designations arent OK because of possible
  chemical interactions between the water and the
  plastic.
• Clean used containers and lids with hot soapy
  water. Once the containers have been thoroughly
  cleaned, rinse them with water and sanitize the
  containers and lids by rinsing them with a
  solution of 1 tablespoon chlorine bleach per
  gallon of water. Leave the containers wet for two
  minutes, then rinse them again with water.
  Remember to remove the paper or plastic lid
  liners before washing the lids. It is very
  difficult to effectively remove all residue from
  many containers, so carefully clean hard-to-reach
  places like the handles of milk jugs. To sanitize
  stainless steel containers, place the container
  in boiling water for 10 minutes. Never use
  containers that previously held chemicals.

50
Do I Need to Treat Water?

• Once you properly clean containers, fill them
  with potable, or safe, drinking water. All public
  water supplies are already treated and should be
  free of harmful bacteria. However, as an
  additional precaution, it is recommended that you
  add 5-7 drops, about 1/8 teaspoon, of chlorine
  bleach per gallon of water stored. This
  precaution protects you against any lingering
  organisms in storage containers that may have
  been inadvertently missed during the cleaning
  process.

51
Where to Store Water

• Clearly label all water containers drinking
  water with the current date. Store the water in
  a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and
  heat sources. Do not store it near gasoline,
  kerosene, pesticides or similar substances.
• When potable water is properly stored, it should
  have an indefinite shelf life however, its a
  good idea to use and replace the stored water
  every 6 - 12 months. Rotating water this way
  provides you with an opportunity to experiment
  and check the amount of stored water against what
  you require. It also serves as an additional
  precaution against bacteria or viruses growing in
  containers which may not have been thoroughly or
  properly cleaned and sanitized.
• If you have freezer space, storing some water in
  the freezer is a good idea. If you lose
  electricity, the frozen water will help keep
  foods in your freezer frozen until the power is
  restored. Make sure you leave 2 to 3 inches of
  space in containers because water expands as it
  freezes.

52
Emergency Sources of Water

• In an emergency, if you have not previously
  stored water and commercial or public sources of
  water are not available, drain water from your
  plumbing system. Unless you are advised that the
  public water supply has been contaminated and is
  not safe, open the drain valve at the bottom of
  the water heater and salvage the water stored in
  the heater. A typical water heater holds 30-60
  gallons of water. Discard the first few gallons
  if they contain rust or sediment. Let the water
  heater cool before draining it from the heater so
  it does not scald you. Turn off the electricity
  or gas to the water heater to prevent the heater
  from operating without water. Once water has been
  drained into clean, sanitized containers, add 5-7
  drops of chlorine bleach per gallon of water,
  and stir or shake the solution to mix it. Let it
  set 30 minutes before use.

53
Emergency Outdoor Water Sources

• If you need to find water outside your home, you
  can use these sources. Be sure to treat the water
  first. Additional sources include
• Rainwater Streams, rivers and other moving bodies
  of water Ponds and lakes Natural springs Avoid
  water with floating material, an odor or dark
  color. Use saltwater only if you distill it
  first. You should not drink flood water.

54
Hidden Water Sources in Your Home

• If a disaster catches you without a stored supply
  of clean water, you can use the water in your
  hot-water tank, pipes and ice cubes. As a last
  resort, you can use water in the reservoir tank
  of your toilet (not the bowl).
• Do you know the location of your incoming water
  valve? Youll need to shut it off to stop
  contaminated water from entering your home if you
  hear reports of broken water or sewage lines.
• To use the water in your pipes, let air into the
  plumbing by turning on the faucet in your house
  at the highest level. A small amount of water
  will trickle out. Then obtain water from the
  lowest faucet in the house.
• To use the water in your hot-water tank, be sure
  the electricity or gas is off, and open the drain
  at the bottom of the tank. Start the water
  flowing by turning off the water intake valve and
  turning on a hot-water faucet. Do not turn on the
  gas or electricity when the tank is empty.

55
When and How to Treat Water for Storage

• In an emergency, if you do not have water that
  you know is safe, its possible to purify water
  for drinking. Start with the cleanest water you
  can find and treat with one of the following
  methods

56
Boiling and chlorinating

• Water can be purified by boiling. Boiling times
  may vary from state to state, depending on
  altitude. In Colorado, the water is safe to use
  once after it has been boiled for three to five
  minutes and has cooled. If you plan to store
  boiled water, pour it into clean, sanitized
  containers and let it cool to room temperature.
  Then add 5-7 drops, or 1/8 teaspoon, of chlorine
  bleach per gallon of water (1/2 teaspoon per 5
  gallons). Stir or shake the solution to mix it.
  Cap the containers and store them in a cool, dry
  place.

57
Filtering and chlorinating

• You can filter water if you have a commercial or
  backpack filter that filters to 1 micron. These
  are available in sporting good stores and are
  recommended for use when back-packing. They are
  not recommended to clean large volumes of water.
  Filtering eliminates parasites such as giardia
  and cryptosporidium, but it may not eliminate all
  bacteria and viruses. Therefore, its recommended
  that 5-7 drops (1/8 teaspoon) of chlorine bleach
  be added per gallon of filtered water (1/2
  teaspoon for 5 gallons). Stir or shake the
  solution to mix it. Wait 30 minutes before using
  the water, or cap the containers and store them
  in a cool, dry place.

58
Bleach

• Use liquid household bleach that contains 5.25
  percent hypochlorite. Do not use bleaches with
  fresheners or scents as they may not be safe to
  consume. The above treatment methods use a
  two-step approach so less bleach is needed, yet
  giardia and cryptosporidium are destroyed through
  boiling or eliminated by filtering. Chlorine may
  not be effective against these parasites. Since
  adding too much chlorine to water can be harmful,
  its important to be as accurate as possible when
  measuring.

59
Distillation

• Distillation involves boiling water and then
  collecting the vapor that condenses back to
  water. The condensed vapor will not include salt
  and other impurities. To distill, fill a pot
  halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on
  the pots lid so that the cup will hang
  right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make
  sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and
  boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that
  drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.

60
Most water filtration devices are designed for
use on microbiologically safe water. Dont
assume they are safe to use on contaminated
water. Check with the manufacturer to be sure.

• Filtration Equipment Safe on Microbiologically
  Contaminated Water?
• Carbon Filter No
• Reverse Osmosis No
• Deionization Filter No
• Pitcher No
• Faucet Mount Filter No
• Steam Distiller Yes-but it requires electricity
• UV Sterilizer Yes-but it requires electricity
• Ceramic Filter Some-but only if rated for
  bacterial
• Equipment that is safe to use on contaminated
  water is often slow, costly, inconvenient and/or
  high maintenance. It makes the most sense to use
  the filtration equipment that best meets your
  normal daily needs and shift to water storage or
  alternative methods of water treatment in times
  of emergencies.

61
Sanitation and Hygienein an Emergency

• The lack of sanitation facilities
• Following a major disaster can quickly create
  secondary problems
• unless basic guidelines are followed.

62
Do not flush the toilet

• If the water lines are damaged or if damage is
  suspected, do not flushthe toilet. Avoid digging
  holes in the ground and using these.
  Untreatedraw sewage can pollute fresh ground
  water supplies. It also attracts fliesand
  promotes the spread of diseases.

63
A Toilet by any other name--

• Store a large supply of heavy-duty plasticbags,
  twist ties, disinfectant, and toilet paper 
• A good disinfectant that is easy to useis a
  solution of 1 part liquid bleach to 10 parts
  water. Dry bleachis caustic and not safe for
  this type of use. 
• If the toilet is NOT able to be flushed,it can
  still be used. This is less stressful for most
  people than usingsome other container. Remove
  all the bowl water. Line it with a
  heavy-dutyplastic bag. When finished, add a
  small amount of deodorant or disinfectant,securel
  y tie the bag, and dispose of it in a large trash
  can with atight fitting lid. This large trash
  can should also be lined with asturdy trash bag.
  Eventually, the city will provide a means to
  disposeof these bags.
• Portable camp toilets, small trash cansor sturdy
  buckets lined with heavy-duty plastic bags can
  also be used.Those with tight fitting lids are
  best.

64
Tips for Staying Clean in an EmergencySituation

• As much as possible, continue regular
  hygienehabits such as brushing your teeth,
  washing your face, combing your hairand even
  washing your body with a wet washcloth. This will
  help preventthe spread of disease and irritation
  as well as help relieve stress.
• Keep your fingers out of your mouth.
  Avoidhandling food with your hands. 
• Purify your drinking water. Use chlorinebleach,
  purification tablets (check bottle for expiration
  dates), orby boiling for 10 minutes. 
• Sterilize your eating utensils by heat.You can
  also rinse dishes in purified water that has
  additional chlorinebleach added to it. (Use 2
  1/2 teaspoons bleach per gallon of
  purifiedwater.) 
• Keep your clothing as clean and dry aspossible,
  especially under-clothing and socks.

65
If you have stomach problems, be sure to drink
plenty of fluids and get plenty of rest.

• If, during an emergency situation, you develop
  vomiting or diarrhea, restand stop eating solid
  foods until the symptoms ease up. Take fluids,
  particularly water, in small amounts at frequent
  intervals. As soon as can be tolerated,resume
  eating semi-solid foods. Normal salt intake
  should be maintained.

66
Keep Basic Hygiene Supplies Handy (Remember your
Go pack and your car.)

• Cornstarch  
• Fingernail clippers and files 
• Sanitary napkins 
• Insect repellent 
• Toilet paper 
• Moistened Towelettes or Baby Wipes 
• A few bath towels 
• Small hand-held mirror  
• Liquid all-purpose soap 
• Vaseline Petroleum Jelly 
• Liquid Chlorine Bleach 
• Ammonia (disinfecting aid)

67
Emergency Sewage Disposal

• Water flush toilets cannot be used when
  waterservice is interrupted. The water remaining
  in the fixture is not sufficientto flush the
  wastes down the sewer. Clogging may result and
  your livingconditions then become just that much
  more uncomfortable.
• Even if water is available, local authorities may
  ask you not to use flushtoilets, wash basins,
  and other fixtures connected with soil pipes.
  Thesewer mains may be broken or clogged, which
  would make it impossible tocarry off such waste
  or water may be needed for fire fighting or
  otheremergencies. It is necessary for every
  family to know emergency methodsof waste
  disposal in case such conditions arise.
• Failure to properly dispose of human wastes can
  lead to epidemics of suchdiseases as typhoid,
  dysentery, and diarrhea. At the same time,
  sewagemust be disposed of in ways that will
  prevent contamination of water suppliesused for
  drinking, cooking, bathing, laundering, and other
  domestic purposes.Here are simple steps that any
  family can take to prevent such dangersand
  discomforts.

68
Temporary Toilet Provisions

• Right after an emergency, or during one, you will
  probably not have thetime and tools to prepare a
  complex emergency sanitation system. If thereis
  a delay of several days in restoring sewage
  service to your neighborhood,you may find that
  disposal is a big problem. Your first task is to
  makesome temporary toilet provision for your
  family, especially the children.Almost any
  covered metal or plastic container will do. You
  can use a coveredpail, a 5-gallon bucket, or a
  small kitchen garbage container with a
  footoperated cover for an emergency toilet.
  Anything that has a cover andwill hold the
  contents until you can dispose of them will serve
  for sanitarypurposes at first.

69
Emergency Sewage Storage

• Keep on the premises at least one extra 10-gallon
  garbage can or otherwaterproof container with a
  tight fitting cover. This should be linedwith
  paper and/or a plastic bag. And the lid should be
  fastened to thecan to prevent its loss. Such a
  can may be used for the emergency storageof body
  wastes until the public sewage system can be put
  back into action,or until other arrangements can
  be made. Empty your emergency toilet intothis
  storage can as often as necessary. A small amount
  of household disinfectantshould be added after
  each use. If you live in an apartment, you may
  nothave a large garbage can or room to keep one.
  In that case, two smallercovered pails or other
  containers will do just as well.

70
Controlling Odors and Insects

• Insecticides and deodorants should be used when
  necessary to control odorsand insects breeding
  in containers that cannot be emptied
  immediately.At least 2 pints of household bleach
  solution should be kept on hand fordisinfecting
  purposes.

71
Other Supplies

• Keep on hand an extra supply of toilet tissue,
  plus a supply of sanitarynapkins.
• If there is illness in the house that requires
  rubber sheetingor other special sanitary
  equipment, make sure that adequate suppliesare
  available.
• At least a weeks accumulation of daily
  newspapers willcome in handy for insulating
  bedding from floors, and lining clothes
  againstcold, as well as for the sanitary uses
  already mentioned.
• You should have sufficient grocery bagson hand
  for possible emergencies.
• A supply of old newspapers will comein handy for
  other sanitary uses also, such as wrapping
  garbage and lininglarger containers.

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Babies

• If you have a baby in your home, you may find
  diaper laundering a problemunder emergency
  conditions. It is best to keep an ample supply of
  disposablediapers on hand for emergency use. Or,
  any moisture resistant materialcan be cut and
  folded to diaper size and lined with absorbent
  material.

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Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency

• Always keep meat, poultry, fish, and eggs
  refrigerated at or below 40 F and frozen food at
  or below 0 F. This may be difficult when the
  power is out.

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