Exploring Digital Libraries: Integrating Browsing, Searching, and Visualization

1
Exploring Digital Libraries Integrating
Browsing, Searching, and Visualization

• Paper by Rao Shen, Naga Srinivas Vemuri, Weiguo
  Fan, Ricardo da S. Torres, Edward A. Fox

Slides by fox_at_vt.edu http//fox.cs.vt.edu
with some modifications by lillian.cassel_at_villanov
a.edu Original version presented at JCDL 2006
2
Acknowledgements (Selected)

• Sponsors NSF grant ITR-0325579, ASOR, CWRU,
  ETANA, Vanderbilt U., Virginia Tech
• Faculty/Staff Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley,
  Manuel Perez,
• VT (Former) Students Marcos A. Gonçalves, Doug
  Gorton, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo,

3
Introduction

• Whats exploring?
• searching, browsing, investigating, studying, or
  analyzing for purposes of discovery, pursuing
  truth or facts about something
• Are browsing and searching duals or can they be
  converted to each other when certain conditions
  are met?
• Can we generalize these DL exploring services
  within a formal DL framework?
• Can the formal generalization guide development
  of exploring services for domain focused DLs?

4
Related Work on Integrating Services in DLs
integrating searching and browsing
found in
systems In 1980s
systems In 1990s
systems In 2000s
has an example
has an example
has an example
I3R
RABBIT
DataWeb
PESTO
SenseMaker
MIX
ScentTrails
BBQ
CODER
ODL
MARIAN
5
Exploring Services Formalization

• Generalize DL exploring services such as
  browsing, searching, clustering, and
  visualization
• Exploration Space (Espa) is a Space
• Espa(Q, Contents, OP_Set)
• Q is a set of conceptual representations for user
  information needs
• Contents associated with collection C
• OP_Set is a set of operations on Q and Contents
• OPviz, OPclu, OPs, OPb OP_Set

6
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

• Sample OP_Set OPviz , OPclu, OPs, OPb
• OPviz maps a set of digital objects to a visual
  mark
• OPclu gets similarity of a pair of subsets of
  collection and their associated contents
• OPs associates a query with a digital object
  and its contents
• OPb associates a traverse link with contents of
  the target node (i.e., follows a hypertext link)

7
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

• An Exploring Service (Eser) is a set of scenarios
  over an exploration space (Espa).
• Eser(sc1, sc2, , sci, , scn),
• where sci is a sequence of events
• each event is associated with one or more of the
  operations in Espa

8
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)
State Diagram
OP_Set

Searching Ops Browsing Opb Clustering
Opclu Visualization Opviz
ei

9
Reading the paper
10
Overview first

• What is this paper about?
• What is the main point or are the main points?
• What is the structure of the paper?
• Is this what you would expect to see in any
  well-organized conference paper?
• Are there sections that are specific to this
  project?

11
Related work

• What is the oldest work cited?
• What is the most recent work cited?
• How large a body of work contributed to this
  project?
• How closely related are the works that this paper
  cites?
• Is there a good reason for each reference?
• How many of the cited works are by the same
  author (or some of the same authors) or from the
  same research laboratory?

12
Definitions and notations

• What specific terms are defined?
• Are these general terms that have particular
  meanings in this paper or are they new terms with
  no known meaning?
• Are there general terms defined, or notations
  that provide shorthand for use in the later
  discussions?
• List the terms. Discuss the meaning of each with
  a classmate. Is anything unclear? Try to answer
  each others questions or formulate a question
  for the class to address together.
• Note the reference 10 is one we read earlier
  in the semester.

13

• Definition 2 A structure is a tuple (G,L, F),
  where G(V,E) is a directed graph with vertex set
  V and edge set E, L is a set of label values, and
  F is a labeling function F (V ? E) ? L
• Definition 16 A digital object is a tuple do
  (h, SM, ST, Structured-Streams) where
• h ? H, where H is a set of universally unique
  handles (labels)
• SM sm1, sm2, , smn is a set of streams
• ST st1, st2, , stm is a set of structural
  metadata specifications
• StructuredStreamsstsm1, stsm2, , stsmp is a
  set of StructuredStream functions defined from
  the streams in the SM set (the second component)
  of the digital object and from the structures in
  the ST set (the third component.)

14
The operations

• Exactly what operations are defined and are of
  interest in this paper?
• What relationships exist between and among the
  operations defined?

15
New understanding

• The paper states Our theory-based approach to
  describing DL exploring services allows us to
  understand browsing and searching in a new way.
• What are all the exploring services discussed in
  the paper?
• How are these explored in the context of the
  ETANA-DL (which we initially looked at early in
  the semester).

16
The Authors presentation

• The paper as presented by the author
• Slides provided by Dr. Edward A. Fox

17
Exploring Digital Libraries Integrating
Browsing, Searching, and Visualization
Excerpt from JCDL 2006, Chapel Hill, NC, June 12,
2006 Rao Shen, Naga Srinivas Vemuri, Weiguo Fan,
Ricardo da S. Torres, and Edward A.
Fox fox_at_vt.edu http//fox.cs.vt.edu
Some adaptations by lillian.cassel_at_villanova.edu F
or CSC 9010-Special Topics - Digital Libraries
and other Web-based information presentation
18
Acknowledgements (Selected)

• Sponsors NSF grant ITR-0325579, ASOR, CWRU,
  ETANA, Vanderbilt U., Virginia Tech
• Faculty/Staff Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley,
  Manuel Perez,
• VT (Former) Students Marcos A. Gonçalves, Doug
  Gorton, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo,

19
Introduction

• Whats exploring?
• searching, browsing, investigating, studying, or
  analyzing for purposes of discovery, pursuing
  truth or facts about something
• Are browsing and searching duals or can they be
  converted to each other when certain conditions
  are met?
• Can we generalize these DL exploring services
  within a formal DL framework?
• Can the formal generalization guide development
  of exploring services for domain focused DLs?

20
Related Work on Integrating Services in DLs
integrating searching and browsing
found in
systems In 1980s
systems In 1990s
systems In 2000s
has an example
has an example
has an example
I3R
RABBIT
DataWeb
PESTO
SenseMaker
MIX
ScentTrails
BBQ
CODER
ODL
MARIAN
21
Exploring Services Formalization

• Generalize DL exploring services such as
  browsing, searching, clustering, and
  visualization
• Exploration Space (Espa) is a Space
• Espa(Q, Contents, OP_Set)
• Q is a set of conceptual representations for user
  information needs
• Contents associated with collection C
• OP_Set is a set of operations on Q and Contents
• OPviz, OPclu, OPs, OPb OP_Set

22
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

• Sample OP_Set OPviz , OPclu, OPs, OPb
• OPviz maps a set of digital objects to a visual
  mark
• OPclu gets similarity of a pair of subsets of
  collection and their associated contents
• OPs associates a query with a digital object
  and its contents
• OPb associates a traverse link with contents of
  the target node (i.e., follows a hypertext link)

23
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

• An Exploring Service (Eser) is a set of scenarios
  over an exploration space (Espa).
• Eser(sc1, sc2, , sci, , scn),
• where sci is a sequence of events
• each event is associated with one or more of the
  operations in Espa

24
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)
State Diagram
OP_Set

Searching Ops Browsing Opb Clustering
Opclu Visualization Opviz
ei

25
Theory-based approach to describing DL Exploring
Services guides us to design and implement
exploring services for ETANA-DL

• Multi-dimensional browsing
• Searching and browsing integration
• Visualization
• Usability evaluation

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An Integrated DL

• Etana brings together several separate and
  different collections of materials into an
  integrated DL.
• Virtual Nimrin (http//www.case.edu/affil/nimrin/m
  enu/nimrin.htm)
• Madaba Plains (http//www.madabaplains.org/home.ht
  ml)
• Lahav Website (http//www.cobb.msstate.edu/dig/lah
  av/)
• Megiddo (http//www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeolo
  gy/megiddo/index.html)
• And others

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ETANA-DL approach

• Applying and extending Digital Library (DL)
  techniques to solve key problems making primary
  data available, data preservation, and
  interoperability
• Modeling archaeological information systems using
  5S to better understand the domain and design the
  system and the supporting services
• Rapidly prototyping DLs that handle heterogeneous
  archaeological data using componentized
  frameworks
• eliciting requirements
• refining metamodel and union schema
• modeling sites
• mapping
• harvesting
• providing useful services

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ETANA-DL ArchitectureDigBase and DigKit
Search
U S E R I N T E R F A C E
D A T A B A S E W R A P P E R S
Lahav
Browse
Nimrin
Recommend
Umayri
ETANA-DL UNION CATALOG
Note
Hisban
Personalize
Review
Megiddo
Visualizations
Jalul
Archaeology Specific

New Sites
Work in progress
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ETANA-DL Website
http//digbase.etana.org8080/etana/servlet/Start
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Exploring Service in ETANA-DL Multi-dimensional
Browsing
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Searching and Browsing Integration
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The Important Point

• These are independent digital libraries or
  databases
• The idea is to give an appearance of a single,
  integrated site with access to all the
  information in all the sources.
• Harvesting -- OAI- PMH
• Then how to make it all appear like one
  collection of materials?

40
DL Integration

• What is DL Integration
• Hide distribution
• Hide heterogeneity
• Enable autonomy of individual component

• Why Integration
• island-DLs
• inability to seamlessly and transparently access
  knowledge across DLs

Use various autonomous DLs in concert
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3 new sites
2 new types of artifacts
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EtanaViz Initial Interface
43
EtanaViz Bone records from Nimrin
44
EtanaViz Total Number of Animal Bones across
Nimrin Culture Phrases
45
EtanaViz Percentages of Animal Bones across
Nimrin Culture Phrases
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Impression about ETANA-DL services
Browse Search EtanaViz Save navigation path (SNP) Search within browsing context (SWBC)
4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5