Chapter 2 The Earth in Space

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Chapter 2 The Earth in Space
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Chapter 2 The Earth in Space

• Section 1 - The Sun, The Earth, and the Moon

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I. The Sun, The Earth, and the Moon

• A. The solar system consists of eight planets

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• What are they?

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• My Very Easy Method,
• Just Set Up Nine
• Planets
• My Very Excellent
• Mother Just Served Us
• Nine Pizzas

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• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
• Mars
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune
• Pluto

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A. The Solar System

• The sun is the center of our solar system

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B. The Moon

• A moon orbits around a planet some planets have
  many moons

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Saturn 33 Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys,
Enceladus, Mimas, Hyperion, Prometheus,
Pandora, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Helene,
Telesto, Calypso, Atlas, Pan, Ymir, Paaliaq,
Siarnaq, Tarvos, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Thrym, Skadi,
Mundilfari, Erriapo, Albiorix, Suttung, plus
others yet to receive names Uranus
27 Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desde
mona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck,
Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon,
Caliban, Sycorax, Prospero, Setebos,
Stephano, Trinculo, plus others yet to
receive names Neptune 13 Triton, Nereid,
Naiad, Thalassa,Despina, Galatea, Larissa,
Proteus, plus others yet to receive
names Pluto 1 Charon
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B. The Moon

• Satellite any body which orbits a larger body

Sputnik
Mir Space Station in Earth Orbit. The aging
Russian station was deliberately burned up in
Earth's atmosphere in March 2001
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Sputnik and The Dawn of the Space Age
History changed on October 4, 1957, when the
Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The
world's first artificial satellite was about the
size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds,
and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on
its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new
political, military, technological, and
scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch
was a single event, it marked the start of the
space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.
Sputnik
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B. The Moon

• The Earth has one large moon with a diameter
• that is about ¼ of Earths

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B. The Moon

• The Earth, moon, and sun exert
• gravitational forces on each other such as
• seen in the movement of tides

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C. The Sun

• The suns diameter is more than 100 times larger
  than Earths

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C. The Sun

• The sun is the closest star to Earth - about 93
  million miles away

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C. The Sun

• Three factors control the amount of solar energy
  on Earth

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C. The Sun

• Three factors control the amount of solar energy
  on Earth
• Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Rotation - One complete spin on the Earths axis
  (imaginary rod running from the North Pole to the
  South Pole)
• Takes 24 hours - one day

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Rotation exposes earth to warming during
• daylight and to cooling during darkness

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Rotation is what causes day and night

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Revolution the Earth revolves around the sun

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Leap Year - Extra day added every 4 years to
  make-up for the extra ¼ day

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• Tilt - Earths north polar axis always points
  toward the same spot in the sky, the
• North Star

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• When the North Pole points toward the sun, the
  Northern Hemisphere receives more solar energy

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D. Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt

• When the North Pole points away from the
• sun, the Southern Hemisphere receives more
• solar energy

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II. SOLAR ENERGY AND THE SEASONS
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A. Solar energy and latitude

• Low latitude areas (tropics) receive solar
  energy year-round

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A. Solar energy and latitude

• High latitude areas (polar regions) receive
  little solar energy

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A. Solar energy and latitude

• Middle-latitude regions receive varying
• amounts of solar energy

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B. Factors of solar energy

• Main factor is the angle of the suns rays
• striking Earth

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B. Factors of solar energy

• When the North Pole points toward the sun -
  Northern Hemisphere has direct solar energy and
  warmer temperatures

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B. Factors of solar energy

• When the North Pole points away from the sun -
  Southern Hemisphere has direct solar energy and
  warmer temperatures

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C. The Seasons

• Summer - days are longer, suns energy is
  stronger

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C. The Seasons

• Winter - days are shorter, suns energy is weaker
  

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• Solstice - poles point at greatest angle toward
  or away from the sun

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• The Solstice occurs around December 21 and June
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• In the Northern Hemisphere
• December solstice is shortest day of the year
• and the start of winter

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• In the Southern Hemisphere
• December solstice is longest day of the year
• and the start of summer

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• The December solstice
• Direct rays of solar energy strike along the
  south 23 1/2parallel - Tropic of Capricorn

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• The December solstice
• The South Pole is tilted toward sun and receives
  constant sunlight

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• The December solstice
• The North Pole is in constant darkness

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• The June solstice -
• Direct rays of energy strike along the north 23
  1/2 parallel - Tropic of Cancer

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• The June solstice -
• Areas north of the Arctic Circle receive 24
  hours of daylight

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• Equinoxes occur twice a year around
• March 21 and September 22

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• The equinoxes -
• Direct rays of the sun strike the equator

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• March equinox - spring in the Northern Hemisphere

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• September equinox - fall in the Northern
  Hemisphere

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III. THE EARTH SYSTEM
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III. THE EARTH SYSTEM

• The Earth is unique - It is the only planet that
  supports life as we know it

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• The Earth
• system is the
• interactions of
• objects on and
• around Earth

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• The Earth system is divided into four physical
  systems

Lithosphere
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• 1. Atmosphere
• layer of gases
• that surrounds
• Earth

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• 2. Lithosphererocky surface that forms the
  continents and the ocean floor

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• 3. Hydrosphereall of the planets water

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• 4. Biosphereall of the planets plant and
  animal life

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• The 4 systems are all interrelated

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• Earth is the only planet in the solar system to
  have all four physical systems