Investigating the small

1
Investigating the small

• It is necessary for scientists to make
  observations in their daily work. But what if
  their research occurs on a scale that is not
  visible to the naked eye?
• This presentation will introduce you to four
  instruments which aid scientists for this type of
  research.

2
Nanospectrometer

• How it works This instrument uses light
  interference maxima and minima to measure
  thicknesses.

3
It looks like this..
4
Inner workings
5
Resolution, size, and cost

• Resolution is on the order of 10-10 (Angstroms)
• Fits on a table top
• Approximately 10K

6
Scanning Electron Microscope

• How it works An electron beam scans over a
  sample that creates various signals made of
  emitted electrons off the surface. This allows
  for an image to form and magnifies the specimen.

7
It looks like this..
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Inner workings
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Images produced by SEM
10
Silicon Valley Ant
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Blood cell
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Resolution, size, and cost

• Features observed on an SEM are as small as 1-50
  nanometers
• The size of the instrument itself is about 3x5
  ft.
• Expect to pay between 100K-300K for this
  instrument

13
Atomic Force Microscope

• How it works A sharp tip touches a sample and
  forces between the atoms in the sample affect a
  lever on the tip. This creates a topographical
  map image for the user.

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It looks like this..
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Inner workings of AFM
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Image produced by AFM(Chromium)
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Resolution, size, and cost

• Vertically, this instrument can see down to 0.1
  x 10-10 meters! Laterally, it can see 1
  nanometer.
• The AFM fits on a table top
• This instrument can be obtained at 65K-200K

18
Optical microscope

• You have probably used this instrument before.
  White light is used to illuminate a sample and
  lenses magnify the sample.

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Youve probably seen it before..
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Inner workings
21
Resolution, size, and cost

• Microscopes, like the name implies, see down to
  0.2 micrometers.
• The size ranges from pocket size to a large table
  top
• 5-5K

22
Images used

•  
• Ant. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/.
  ../section4/sem.asp
• Termite. alfa.ist.utl.pt/cvrm/
  staff/vramos/SIP05.html
• Blood cell. history.nasa.gov/ SP-368/s3ch3.htm
• SEM Diagram. www.weizmann.ac.il/
  home/garty/scanning_electr...
• SEM. darkwing.uoregon.edu/ oimb/equip.htm
• http//www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/electron/i
  mages/ant.jpg
• AFM Diagram. http//www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/models
  /images/afm.gif
• AFM pic. www1.cems.umn.edu/research/
  frisbie/Dimension3...
• chromium dots. http//physics.nist.gov/Divisions/D
  iv841/Gp3/Projects/Atom/images/nanodots.gif
• light microscope. http//www.cas.muohio.edu/mbi-w
  s/microscopes/images/LightMicroscope.GIF
• Nanospectrometer. http//www.thtlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.j
  p/MEMS_Equipment/NanoSpec.jpg
• plant cell. www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/
  b-online/e04/04a.htm
• thin film colors . http//electron9.phys.utk.edu/p
  hys136d/modules/m9/images/colors.jpg
• I14. nterference diagram. newton.ex.ac.uk/.../
  images/thin_film1.jpg