PSYCH 2220

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PSYCH 2220 Sensation and Perception
(I) Lecture 2
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Keywords for lecture 1
electromagnetic spectrum, (pit viper), mechanical
energy, chemical energy, stages of vision, (i)
eye movements, (ii) focus, (iii) light
regulation, pupil, pin-hole camera, refraction,
focus, cornea, lens, accommodation, myopia,
hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia
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Photo taken through a LARGE aperture shallow
depth of field (only one distance is in focus)
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Photo taken through a SMALL aperture long depth
of field (lots of distances are in focus)
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WATER LIVING
AIR LIVING
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DIVING ANIMALS
1 put on a mask that keeps air in front of
cornea 2 rely on a STRONG lens that can change
from air-living to water living eg otter 3
Have a FLAT cornea (to remove its influence) and
then use a WATER-LIVING style lens eg. Penguin,
flying fish 4 Have two pairs of eyes - one for
each environment eg. Four-eyed fish 5 Use a
WATER-LIVING style lens in the water and bi-pass
the cornea by using a PIN HOLE pupil on land eg.
seal
Air Type
Water Type
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The Otter - who can change her eye from .....
to.
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Four-eyed fish
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
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Leeuwenhoeks Microscope
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THE CELL CONCEPT
KEYWORDS Cell, membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus,
extracellular fluid ions, sodium, potassium,
channels electrode, voltmeter, microelectrode,
resting potential millivolt (1/1000 volt) NERVE
CELLS sodium channels, action potential axons,
synapse, neurotransmitter, millisecond
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RETINAL PROPERTY PERCEPTION 1 Image upside
down gtgtgtgtgt seen right way up 2 image is very
small gtgtgtgtgt world seen actual size 3 image
on a curved surface gtgtgtgtgt no curve seen 4
TWO retinas gtgtgtgtgt only ONE world
seen 5 blood-vessel tree gtgtgtgtgt no tree
seen!!!
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RETINAL PROPERTY PERCEPTION 1 Image upside
down gtgtgtgtgt seen right way up 2 image is very
small gtgtgtgtgt world seen actual size 3 image
on a curved surface gtgtgtgtgt no curve seen 4 TWO
retinas gtgtgtgtgt only ONE world
seen 5 blood-vessel tree gtgtgtgtgt no tree
seen!!!
6 BLIND SPOT (where the nerve comes in ) has
no receptors gtgtgtgtgt
no hole seen!
7 only the central part of the no
difference in retina is very sensitive gtgtgtgtgt
clarity between
vision in
different
parts of the field
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VIEWER
How an OPHTHALMOSCOPE works
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Visual memory test what letters are on the 4
key?
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So visual input is poor visual memory is
poor therefore vision is poor! We are almost
blind!!
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Sometimes
we see what is not there
do not see what is there
(Do we ever see what IS there?! There might be
more to this perception thing than meets the
eye..)
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Adaptation
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Structure of eye and retina
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Rod
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RECEPTIVE FIELD the area in which energy will
have an effect
VISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELD the area in the outside
world where light will have an effect
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The foveal pit
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RETINAL GANGLION CELLS