Presentation on

1
Presentation on TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA -
CHALLENGES IN FUTURE By Prof. S. L.
Dhingra Transportation Systems Engineering Civil
Engineering Department Indian Institute of
Technology, Bombay Organised by Research
Scholars Forum Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay 23rd Oct. 2002, Institute Auditorium
2
Overview
National Highway Development Projects (NHDP)
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Urban Transport Projects
3
National Highways Development Project (NHDP)
4

• Golden Quadrilateral - Comprising NHs Connecting
• Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
• Length - 5,952 Kms
• Year of Completion - 2003
• North-South East-West Corridor - Comprising NHs
• Connecting Srinagar to Kanyakumari and Silchar
  to
• Porbandar.
• Length - 7,300 Kms
• Year of Completion - 2007
• Total Estimated Cost Rs.54,000 Crores (at 1999
  Prices)

5
Mumbai--Pune Expressway
6
Mumbai--Pune Expressway Map
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Environment Protection

• All conditions for environment are followed.
• One thousand trees trans planted.
• Extensive tree plantation , and median verge
  plantation plant.
• Separate dumping area is acquired for surplus
  material.
• Separate land is acquired for labour camp.
• Provision of recycling material and used for
  work.
• Provision for additional lead for transport of
  surplus material.

10
Continued

• Special item to use surplus rock gabbian, rock
  embankment.
• Murum from adjoining land and dumping black
  cotton soil from road creation of new fertile
  agriculture land.
• Rain water drainage .
• Terracing to quarry area.

11
Social Problem

• Tendency of villagers to cross expressway, use of
  cycles two wheelers in spite the provision of
  cart track pedestrians crossing
• Tendency to overtake wrong side over speeding
• Observing no lane discipline

12
Advantages of the Expressway

• Time savings - Mumbai-Pune distance will be
  covered in 2 hours as against 4 to 6 hours in the
  present situation
• Estimated fuel and other savings to the extent of
  Rs.500 crores per year
• Reduction in environmental pollution due to
  vehicles running at rated capacity and less fuel
  consumption
• Reduction in Accidents

13
Continued

• Reduction in Accidents
• Savings in travel time
• Saving in fuel
• Fast crossing of Khandala Ghat
• Economic development through speedy traffic
• Reduction in pollution

14
(No Transcript)
15
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Aiming for Rural
Transformation
16
Current Scenario need for providing road
connectivity the PMGSY Approach

• Only 48 of villages are connected by
  all-weather roads.
• Nearly 50 of villages lack proper connectivity.
• Proper rural road connectivity is a must for
  development. Why ?
• Benefits economic, social, political etc.
• Rural people can have easy access to
• Trade
• Education
• Health
• Employment

17
The Highlights of PMGSY(Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana)

• Investment of Rs. 60,000 Crore
• Road Connectivity (All-weather roads) Goals
• - villages with population of more than 1000 (by
  2003).
• - villages with population more than 500 (by
  2007).
• Nearly 1,00,000 villages to be covered.
• Around 30 Crore (300 Million) people would be
  benefited.
• 10 Crore (100 Million) people expected to cross
  poverty line
• Hence, there is a need to plan for optimal rural
  road networks to achieve the objectives of
  integrated rural development.

18
Urban Transport Projects
19

• Flyovers
• Bandra-Worli sea link
• Western Freeway link/
• Hajiali-Wilson college viaduct
• Metro System (TCS Study)
• Elevated Railway System (by E. Sreedharan)
• MUTP II (MRVC Study)
• Mass Transit System (by MMRDA)
• Thane MRTS
• Sky Bus

20
FLYOVERS
21
Mumbai high traffic density , high traffic
congestion.
Whether we need flyovers?

• Geographical Layout only N-S flow and very
  heavy traffic

• Consequent delays - city entry exit

• Necessity of improving speeds on N-S Corridors

• Need to quickly reach starting points of
  proposed Expressways to Pune, Nashik
  Ahmedabad from city centre

22
Project Features

• Flyovers on the 3 Main Routes
• Western Express Highway (WEH)
• Eastern Express Highway (EEH)
• Sion-Panvel Express Way
• City Central Corridor developed by appropriate
  flyovers Elevated Road from J.J. Hospital to
  Crawford Market
• City Western Corridor-Flyovers on SB Marg
• Estimated cost is Rs. 1550 crores
• Of these 50 flyovers, 29 have been completed.

23
BANDRA-WORLI
SEA LINK
24
(No Transcript)
25
Air Pollution in Mumbai

• Sectorwise distribution of Pollution
• Transport 64
• Power 4
• Domestic 15
• Industrial 17
• Ambient Air Quality at Mahim Junction

26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Salient Features

• Link connects Western Expressway at Mahim
  junction to Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Road
• Bridge length 4 km (0.5 main 3.5 approach
  bridge)
• Solid approach road at Bandra 1.8 km
  (including toll plaza)
• Carriageway - 8 lanes
• Cable stayed bridge of 500m length on single
  pylon

Cont
29

• Viewers gallery at the top of central pylon at
  150m height with access via capsule lift from
  pile cap
• Advanced Traffic control and surveillance
  system
• Estimated basic cost Rs 650 crores
• Link proposed to be extended to Nariman Point
• A minimum clearance of 20 meters will be
  provided for main spans for marine traffic

30
Techno Economic Feasibility

• Fuel savings worth Rs. 100 crores per annum
• Savings in travel time upto 20 - 30 minutes
• Reduction in air, noise sound pollution
• Reduction of Nox by 43 CO by more than 75
• No adverse effect on tides, fisheries and
  livelihood of fishermen
• Ease in driving with reduced mental tension and
  overall improvement in the quality of life.
• Reduced accidents.

31

• Existing Situation
• Distance from Lovegrove Jn to Mahim Junction
  7.7 km
• Traffic Signals 23 Nos
• Travel time
• Morning peak hour 35 min
• Evening peak hour 38 min
• Average Journey Speed 13 kmph

• Savings due to Sea Link
• Direct Cost savings Rs 14.11 per car
• (fuel, tyre,wear tear, lubricants,etc)
• Travel time savings 29 min per car
• Time value _at_ Rs 100/ hr Rs 48.43 / car
• Hence, total savings Rs 62.59 / car

32
(No Transcript)
33
WESTERN FREEWAY
SEA LINK
34
(No Transcript)
35
The Fourth Corridor
Wadala
Bandra
Worli
Savarkar Marg
Senapati Bapat Marg
sewri
Ambedkar Marg
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Margs
Western rail
MPT
Central rail
Harbour rail
GPO
CST
Hutatma Chowk
Gateway of India
36
Salient Features
Alignment

• Total length 14.77 Km

• Starting from interchange at Worli

• Alignment about 200 m in the sea from shore line

• Easy Traffic Dispersal -
• Interchanges with connecting links at
• - Haji Ali Circle,
• - Bhulabhai Desai Marg,
• - NCPA Nariman Point

37
Attributes

• Bridge spans to be provided with adequate
  vertical and Horizontal clearance

• Eco-friendly Sea link - no effect on tidal
  conditions

• Cable stayed bridges and viaducts
• - Improve aesthetics of the coastal area
• - No Visual Intrusion from sea shore

• Modern Traffic Surveillance System

• Minimum land reclamation, only near approaches

38
Benefits

• Traffic will be dispersed

• Vehicular pollution will be reduced

• Overall Improvement in environment

• Reduction in Pollution

• Reduction in Accidents

• Improvement in the existing transport system
  and living conditions

39
METRO SYSTEM
40
Why do we need metro system?

• To reduce the surface traffic.
• To cater to the increase in traffic due to the
  emergence of Worli as business and industrial
  center.
• To decrease the level of pollution.
• To reduce the heavy load on local railways and
  buses.

41
Salient Features

• Location (7th corridor)
  Colaba to Kurla
• Length
  22.4 Kms
• Average number of commuters per 24,20,000
• day on a weekdays
• Travel time
  39 min.
• Number of intermediate stations 24
• Peak hour demand 50,689
• Drainage will be taken care by sumps and
  automatic pumps.

42
(No Transcript)
43
Value and life of assets under major heads or
groups
NOTE N.A. denotes Not Applicable.
44
Abstract estimate for 7th corridor
45
MUTP II
MRVC
46
Components

• Increase in corridors
• Longer (12 rake) EMUs
• Station area improvement schemes
• Removal of level crossings
• The resettlement and relocation of the
  project affected persons and structures all
  along Central and Western Railway corridors and
  the Harbour Line
• Total cost of the project is 5618.36 crores.

47
Mumbai Suburban System Map
48
Benefits
Rail Project

• Increase in capacity by about 35
• Higher frequency of train services during peak
  hours
• Reduction in journey time
• Improvement in the flow of passengers and
  vehicles in and selected stations

Cont
49
Non-Rail Projects

• Reduction in traffic congestion, increase in
  vehicular speeds and reduction in delays
• Increased carrying capacity for bus users
• Safe and smooth flow of vehicular and pedestrian
  traffic
• Minimizing delays and accidents
• Improved environment through reduction in air
  pollution

50
Comparison between different modes of transport

• In terms of land usage railway is 24 times more
  efficient than road.
• Railway transport are 6 times more energy
  efficient than road transport.
• Bus travel is 5 times more costlier than
  railways.
• Road traffic is a major source of air pollution
  and noise pollution.
• Bus takes about 50 more time during peak hours
  as compared to rail.

51
List of projects and their costs ( in crores of
rupees)
5618.3
Total
52
MASS TRANSIT
SYSTEM
MMRDA
53
MTS Alignment C
Alignment C is split into following 6 sections

• C1 CST to Mahalaxmi
• C2 Mahalaxmi to Bandra
• C3 Bandra to Andheri station
• C4 Andheri to Charkop village
• C5 Andheri station to Ghatkopar
• C6 Mulund to Sahar Airport

54
(No Transcript)
55
Salient Features

• Maximum link flow is 51,000 per direction per
  hour.
• Network length is 57 km.
• Elevated section 45 km
• Underground section 12 km
• Total cost is Rs 118,885 million.

56
Andheri-Ghatkopar Alignment

• Length - 9 km
• Elevated section - 8.1 km
• Underground section 0.9 km
• Investment cost - Rs. 820 crores
• Operating cost - Rs. 31 crores
• Peak hour ridership passengers 40,000
• Investment cost Rs. Per pass km 40,091
• Output pass-km per million Rupees 24.94
• Economic internal rate of return 11.14

57
MRTS THANE
58
Need

• Thane is one of the fastest growing cities. The
  city, spread over an area of 128 sq.km. has a
  population of 15.5 lakhs.
• High travel demand.
• Population doubling every decade.
• City expected to hit 30 lakhs by 2031.
• Development has increased the traffic
  tremendously.

59
An MRTS that is.

• Convenient

• Comfortable

• Fast

• Environment friendly duringconstruction and
  operation

60
Existing Traffic Scenario

• Traffic Volumes at entry/ exit to Thane City
• LBS Marg - 31758 PCUs
• Eastern Expressway - 53481 PCUs
• Modal Split in Thane

(8.15 )
(15.36 )
(12.75 )
(30.46 )
(33.28 )
Bus IPT together cater to about 65 trips
61
Necessity

• Rapid industrial development and population
  growth in Thane has resulted in large scale
  traffic movements.
• Population Growth 14.5 lakhs in 2001.
• Demand for bus transportation is on the rise, but
  has Limitations due to.
• heavy congestion
• limited accessibility
• This has resulted in increase in personalized
  IPT modes, thereby aggravating congestion
  pollution levels.
• Government of Maharashtra has therefore envisaged
  the need for efficient, economical, equitable
  and environmental friendly Mass Rapid Transit
  System (MRTS) for the city.

62
Project Features

• 30m wide circular MRTS corridor proposed through
  major work and industrial area
• Total Route Length - 21 km Elevated - 12.25
  km Surface Level - 8.75 km
• Total stations - Eleven (11) On ground -
  8 Elevated Stations - 3
• Estimated Project Cost Rs 1000 crores
• Modern Traffic Management Surveillance Systems
• Environmentally better system

63
SKYBUS
64
Cross-sectional view of Sky Bus
65
Salient Features of Sky Bus

• Maximum traffic carrying capacity 15000 pphpd
• can be upgraded to 30000 pphpd.
• Dimension of Sky Bus (LWH) 82.82.4
• Capacity of Sky Bus 250 passenger
• Maximum permissible speed 100 Kmph
• Acceleration 1.3 m/sec2
• Minimum clearance above road level 6 meters

66
Proposed route of Sky Bus
67
To Summarize

• Meeting the demand
• Reducing the demand
• East west corridors
• Worli area Rail connection
• Colaba area Rail connection
• Churchgate-CST connection
• Integration of these systems to meet the total
  travel demand

68
Thank You