A New Nation

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A New Nation

• Changes after the Revolution

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What you need to know

• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  challenges faced by the new nation by
• identifying the weaknesses of the government
  established by the Articles of Confederation.
• identifying the basic principles of the new
  government established by the Constitution of the
  United States of America and the Bill of Rights.
• identifying the conflicts that resulted in the
  emergence of two political parties.
• describing the major accomplishments of the first
  five presidents of the United States.

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Articles of the Confederation

• The Articles of Confederation was a constitution
  written during the American Revolution to
  establish the powers of the new national
  government.

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Articles of the Confederation

• Articles of Confederation
• Provided for a weak national government
• Gave Congress no power to tax or regulate
  commerce among the states
• Provided for no common currency
• Gave each state one vote regardless of size
• Provided for no executive or judicial branch

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The United States Constitution

• The Constitution of the United States of America
  established a federal system of government based
  on power shared between the national and state
  governments.

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The United States Constitution

• Set up a Federal System of Government
• Federal system of government A system that
  divides governmental powers between national
  government and the governments of the states

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The United States Constitution

• Established the Basic Principles of our
  Government.
• Basic principles of government
• Separation of powers
• The structure of the new national government was
  based on James Madisons Virginia Plan, which
  called for three separate branches of government
• Legislative Branch (Congress) makes the laws.
  Congress is a two-house legislature in which all
  states are represented equally in the Senate (two
  Senators per state) and people are represented in
  the House of Representatives (number of a states
  representatives is based on states population).
• Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) determines if
  laws made by Congress are constitutional.
• Executive Branch (President) carries out the
  laws.
• Checks and balances
• Each branch can check the power of the other.
• These checks keep any one branch from gaining too
  much power.

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Bill of Rights

• Bill of Rights
• James Madison was the author of the Bill of
  Rights.
• The first ten amendments to the Constitution of
  the United States of America provide a written
  guarantee of individual rights (e.g., freedom of
  speech, freedom of religion).

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Bill of Rights

• Amendment I. - Congress shall make no law
  respecting an establishment of religion, or
  prohibiting the free exercise thereof or
  abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press
  or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,
  and to petition the Government for a redress of
  grievances.
• Amendment II. - A well regulated Militia, being
  necessary to the security of a free State, the
  right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall
  not be infringed.
• Amendment III. - No Soldier shall, in time of
  peace be quartered in any house, without the
  consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in
  a manner to be prescribed by law.

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Bill of Rights

• Amendment IV - The right of the people to be
  secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
  effects, against unreasonable searches and
  seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants
  shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported
  by Oath or affirmation, and particularly
  describing the place to be searched, and the
  persons or things to be seized.
• Amendment V - No person shall be held to answer
  for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime,
  unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand
  Jury, except in cases arising in the land or
  naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
  service in time of War or public danger nor
  shall any person be subject for the same offence
  to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor
  shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a
  witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
  liberty, or property, without due process of law
  nor shall private property be taken for public
  use, without just compensation.

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Bill of Rights

• Amendment VI - In all criminal prosecutions, the
  accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
  public trial, by an impartial jury of the State
  and district wherein the crime shall have been
  committed, which district shall have been
  previously ascertained by law, and to be informed
  of the nature and cause of the accusation to be
  confronted with the witnesses against him to
  have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses
  in his favor, and to have the Assistance of
  Counsel for his defense.
• Amendment VII - In Suits at common law, where the
  value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars,
  the right of trial by jury shall be preserved,
  and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
  re-examined in any Court of the United States,
  than according to the rules of the common law.

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Bill of Rights

• Amendment VIII - Excessive bail shall not be
  required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
  and unusual punishments inflicted.
• Amendment IX - The enumeration in the
  Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be
  construed to deny or disparage others retained by
  the people.
• Amendment X - The powers not delegated to the
  United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited
  by it to the States, are reserved to the States
  respectively, or to the people.

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Two Parties Emerge

• Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had
  opposing views on the role of the national
  government. That opposition resulted in the
  creation of two political parties.
• The debate over the role of the national
  government has continued throughout United States
  history.

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What should the Government do?

• Major party differences
• Alexander Hamilton
• Leader of Federalists
• Favored strong national government
• Favored limits on states powers
• Favored development of industry on a national
  scale
• Favored a national bank
• Thomas Jefferson
• Leader of the Democratic Republicans
• Favored a weak national government
• Supported states powers
• Favored small business and farmers
• Opposed a national bank

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Americas first leaders

• Congress and the first five presidents made
  decisions establishing a strong government that
  helped the nation grow in size and power.
• All of the first five presidents were Virginians
  except John Adams.

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George Washington

• Federal court system was established.
• Political parties grew out of the disagreements
  between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proper
  role of the national government.
• The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution
  of the United States of America.
• Plans were initiated for development of the
  national capital in Washington, D.C. Benjamin
  Banneker, an African American astronomer and
  surveyor, helped complete the design for the city.

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John Adams

• A two-party system emerged during his
  administration.

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Thomas Jefferson

• He bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana
  Purchase).
• Lewis and Clark explored this new land west of
  the Mississippi River.

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James Madison

• The War of l812 caused European nations to gain
  respect for the United States.

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James Monroe

• He introduced the Monroe Doctrine warning
  European nations not to interfere in the Western
  Hemisphere.

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Essential Questions

• What were the basic weaknesses of the Articles of
  Confederation?
• What were the basic principles of governments
  stated in the Constitution of the United States
  of America and Bill of Rights?
• What were the major differences between Hamilton
  and Jefferson?
• What were the major national issues and events
  faced by the first five presidents?