Lecture 4 Curing Cancer

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Lecture 4 Curing Cancer
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Current Treatments

• Prevention (reduce initiation and promotion)
• Early detection and surgical removal of primary
  tumor (prior to metastasis)
• Radiation therapy (DNA damage leads to apoptosis)
• Chemotherapy (DNA damage leads to apoptosis or
  direct killing of dividing cells)

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Novel Treatments

• Telomerase inhibitors
• Angiogenesis inhibitors
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Block oncogene products
• EGRF receptor (Iressa)
• abl protein kinase (Gleevec)

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Exploiting the end replication
problem to cure cancer
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The end replication problem
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Grieder and Blackburn. February, 1996. Scientific
American.
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Nude mice have no thymus. Without
thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) they cannot
reject transplanted tumors.
2002. Science, 295 2350.
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Tumors form their own blood supplies
(angiogenesis)
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VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and
Signal Transduction
Matrix metaloproteinases
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Endostatin is a protein that competitively
inhibits the binding of VEGF to its endothelial
receptors
Avastin
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Naked or conjugated MAbs to tumor antigens can
target cancer cells for diagnosis or destruction
(Link)
Staining of breast cancer for Cyclin D1 using new
rabbit monoclonal antibody DRM003 clone SP4
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Inhibition of oncogene products (the first fruits
of Bishops discovery)
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An epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
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NSCLC lines are differentially sensitive to
gefitinib
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H3255 line has L858R mutation which is very
sensitive to Gefitinib compared to wild-types.
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
imatinib mesylate
abl
abl
abl
abl